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 : tianzhen87 ʱ: 2005/09/11 11:44 :29  ޸        ɾ    ö    Դ    ת     
 1 

ǰһݣ׼ȥֳǰڣ 

ҹޥڷķһϰµģδ 

ޥģˣ˰ΣԵᣬġĻˣⲢѰ׷ʲ£ 

硭ޥİ˫ҭҭ˵ҡҲܡ޸աò׹ޥ˵Ѿõķǡ 

ɵһӦǲÿ¼ڻǰһЩЪ˹֢״ 

磺־塢ɡڵȵȡ 

ֻ룬Ȼ治Ϊʲ᲻Ը޸գ 

ⴻǰ;ˣոʱ㲻ǺܸΪʲڲ޸ˣĪСڳܣ 

Щͨͨܳ 

˦ȥе뷨Ϊϰ壻յ顣ƽег̱һְ죬ڹ˾û˵ո˭ţ˽Ҳûոޥĳܰ 

Ϳˡ 

ϵҡͷŮġ롣֪ӦŮˣǿеŮˣҪǲ˵һҪϴ˯ˡ 

ȡ֣˽ͺá 

ޥۿ׼صƣǰֹ硭˵Ҳܼ޸գҸͲ 

㵣Ϳˡ 

˵ʲɵã֪ðһʱˣȵ˼Ҹ֮ᣬڲ˵գ 

ʲᡭ̫ѨͷۡϣԼŮѲ鷳ӦŮˣ 

磬һˡ 

ԭǻ˲ŻЪ˹ʲ᣿ŴֽУ㡭˻޸գ 

ҡ 

ޥҪЩʲᣬ̴ 

ֳļӣָޥĵıӾҪûҲСʱᱻȡЦ˵ûְֵСҲ뵱ж࣬Ҳ㲽ĸ׵᳾Ҳ㰮գܵ֮һϡ 

ΪõҸΪС룻ϧѪԵϵвԼӡ 

ҺãĶħϰ岻֪飬򲻰ж˿Ź֡ 

һ̳ԵãһǸεĸ磻һǵļ 

Ҳ׼㹼գûջָñǼָոһ䡣 

ѾˡΪʲ᲻ѻ˵꣬úίֲĺܲ£Ϊ˽ŻڵġޥĨȥϵգ˵ѾˣҶĺӲġ磬û 

һ룬ûġ 

ˣˣ 





ʹӦŮˣ 

ƣڶǿŻ֮ᣬа취̧ϴ˲̫Ѩһһ˲´֪ԣҪϿ˵ӵ˭ģ 

Ƶġ 

ԣΡΡֲ赹 

ָõıȻַ£̫ͿˣȻڴϣ˵ĻٹһҪˣ㵽ڲŸССİְյĵܵܡǸӦҪСˡԸס˿ڣ˵ȥѿֻáи 

յģսȭͷƢ 

ޥĶ춷Ĳ̿ԵھΣڸ̹е 

ҡҲû뵽ݱҵǶһû˺䵭ҲûʱңÿȡԼ᳣ƴҵǸιǾȻȻһ𡭡 

һȶԼƽ͵˵ѵûպæǲϲ㣬αظءǽ£»κ˶޷ܵġ 

öһڸ 

磬Ҫ˻飬Ҳܼ޸ 

ţҲ㻳˵ĺӼ޸ġһ翸ȥ˵˻¡ 

Ԥ֪֮жŭһܾϰ塣ʱնԺиҪҪá 

֪㻳𣿡 

֪ 

˵ʡ㲻黹תӦûԼֳ̹õɡ 

һͲȥ˵ˡϣеɺӵĸԼȥϴȻᡭ 

ˡޥ͵ᣬᵽƵ̬ȣĵĺޣ˵ԲԼĸ磬ˡȥˡƲҪˡ 

úף̫ú̵ܲĴ̣ 

Ƣķѵûĺ𣺡ʵ̫ˣԴ㣿 

ޥʵ˺һæ磬ƣջģƲŻöԲԼĸ磬ûһвŻߡ 

ѾȥˣΪ˵ˡ 

ӵĸѾӱʵȥˣ׼ԱڹҲϲã죿 

ȥ̸ܸȥʰоְɡ 

׼ȥ 

ץһϣ򿪳Կףǰ̵˯ɣһ˻ġ 





յסѳͣڸҰѳͣյļſڣΪʲ᣿ 

ʶ־룬ܴ 

һ¾Ҫȥ˼ҵ˯أG 

Ϩ˻𣬷յſڷϣİٰ㲻Ըڹ֮ȥˡ 

յһˣƽϰ岻Цİףῴúÿ¡ 

Цɣһ˾Ȼ˾µҪڹϱսսӦ˾һ°ʱ䣬ӳ˾ܴ 

нˮǳףƻմ浽һȢŵıְˡ 

ڵĹңҲ׷Ŀǰְλ±Ůѿ 

G̾һûʲõļĸ18ʱȥ֮˿빤ķʽɴѧҵ 

УҵڵĴѧֶǣֻǱȱҵĹ 

Ե˾ϰ壬տϴ500ӦԱ¼ȡعʵں˸е⡣ 

úһϲǲΰ롭 

ٺ˼ˣôȥõĻ¡ΪԼ 

˳ٲάϰſڣӲͷƤָһ 

ˣˣ 

ΣһͿѾһ졣 

㣿պı顣 

̫ӡؿʮͰϰµ㷲 

ܱվⲻ֪ػɵϣʲʱˣη紵 

ǡһһյȥ£İѵһҪ˵Ļһ飬ϣԼյʱ˵͡ 

ң𣿡仰ǷϻʵĻС鲻֪ĵʲʱſ˵⡣ 

ǸȻܡܱǸ˻㡣 

˵ϻˣһɨͷ͵Ķǰأջл˵ûfġ 

ÿζͷ̬ȣŻµҪ 

ԭˣ׶ס 

׶ŴˣϢŷӦ˾дߣ 

ţȻ˺üյɫȸղŸѿ 

졭һˣϰ忴鲻ѣϸһ룬ϰйɫһʱ򰡣 

շַ¾棺 

ٲϡ̸˵Ϊιұ֤ȥķӦѾҪʧȥˡ 

ã˵Ҫ̸˻飡 

һھͷԼȻûн̫ͣˣһ˵꣺ò㣬޸㣬Ҳܼ޸㡣 

 

֮ģֻ˫ֻأ쳣侲Ľ˲²˿̵ 

ˣʻúƽ壬˿ŭɷݡ 

Ϊ˵ʵĺʱ̹ȻûޥϲˣĵܵƣҾ˵£ϣ˻Ȼȫǡ 

ղÿɷתȥ򿪱䣬һ֭ȻȥƹΪԼһᣬ̸ 

㵵ĹԹ£վĶ棬һfȣ²ؼΪʲû 

Լľٶѵһڹ֭ݷеⱭ֭ǿģü¹֭ 

˾Ĭ˺üӣγɣ֪Ĵͷȥܿ˵ߡ 

 

ҲҪ˻飡 

һ㡭Ҫ˻飿 

춿̧ͷüߵΪʲҪȫǣܸһ𣿡 

ⲻǷϻ𣡷ֻ˵㵼ˣҸղžѾ˵ð˲㣬ܵҮȫǣҡ 

֪˵˼㲻ظˡպȹ˱еľƣʣϣ˻𣿡 

ϣ֮á 

ͺˣǡ 

ʲ᣿ŵ׷䣬һɱͷȾܣھȻЦŭЦıÿֲ 

ƺ˼ü 

ǲǣ 

šʵĵ˵ͷ 

վȥԼҴţԻȥˣû̸ȥıҪ 

úͿ̸˻£²ʲϵ˶ˣ̸ܲء 

տѹ˵ڸ뿪ʧȥǡ 

֪͵ɵԼϹ 

Ҳߡûκδ𸲣Ҳ뿪ġʧȥҲνΪõδ̾͹ˡ 

סҪЦĳ嶯һҧ͵ı飭йģ 

飡Źϣŵõ 

ձƽֱַ˵·ˣ˶ǽʱղſ˵Ҫ˻ԣ 

㡭Ҫʲᡭ˵ĽͰͣŷһ룬ʣµһ뻹Ŭ֧Ž塣 

ճ⸱羪֮ĴǵԼÿ춼ûɫŻǲǣ 

ߣҪ˻飬ԼȫðɡʲᷴӦ 

һĻҲһεľţѷӦ 

Ȼˣսסǰ㵹ӣһֱӴȥ 

ǣ춰Ūˣ仰ûˡ 

˿̣ռӢѵЦı飬Ҳˡ 



2 

ѹˣֵӳӰǡϰ壿 

㡭ʲ᣿ͷû裬һΣѹأϰ岻·Ŀӡ̬Ρ 

ԺѰƬεļ䣭Լȫá 

仰ˮͷ£ųһ亹ѣܵ¶ȷȷʵʵϣյ 

춻ˡðǹˡ 

ȻУҲ֪ƿգԼ˴ 

졭ʲ£ 

Ѹٻһܣһ棬վͲڴߣ쳤ֱҪ̻شϣŻŵˣ㡭Ҫҡ 

ҿϴġ 

ʶԼȫģ쬡 

ౣ˸硣 

ճָͷ 

Ҳ˯ġѰԼҪ˯Ҳû˯ϰߣοǸԼϰ˯һܹӣΪܿ 

밡 

㲻ϴҾ´ȥץ 

˫̤Ϸĵ̺һƽŵǼ˹ߣѾܹ 

ţ㡭ûҪ˯Ҳ˯ɫҰ׵Ľڽűߣ·ӣϰ彲ףҡҪؼˡ 

վڷǰͷǴúܡˡķ̵ȰɡҸؼҵģ㲻ϡѾʧȥˣ̤ء 

Ҫңϰǲǣ 

ʼնû㶮⣬ֱǶţ٣վı³ֱϴȥ 

ˤͷתѿյڵж 

Ɀһｲٶ඼˷Ѵֱ࣬жܻȽ֮Ľס 

ճ鿪˯۵󷽵İ˯£ϵļһеͣȥů 

ȵʣгڣһ˲Ѿѹڴ룬봲 

ҧסĲӣʹ 

Ҵһ£ȫӲһʯͿıϰ屧ҧȫ²ƬڡʲΣ 

תòʺţյƵҪŪţﰡȻС 

ӣʼ̫̬ˣȻҧûŮ˵ĵطĪıһϣ 

ǬˣƾգԷִִ򣻳ĵ󣬷ӵ쾡£Ϊ˺Լ٣Ѿ˲²ϰˡ 

׳գɱԼϣ˿ڣһ㣬ͦ۵ģ׹ǽӲЩڷľסЦϥǶ˫ȣ⽫ԼѹĹɹ 

ţиӲġĥһٱҲ֪Ǹʲᡭ 

ֹͣŻˣɵˡ 

͵˲䣬һɾ޴ʹе֪ѹϵÿζһ¾ǣȫÿи񾭣ʹˡ 

ʮָյ˫磬һſ̶࣬ʪյա 

˰ 

̧˶ʹı飬ģ۸˭û´᡺ˡɰʲ᣿ 

רǲǣ 

һҲûУֻǸӵġġݺݵİڶ°ȥıһ 

ҸŮѣǲҪˣ 

ջĽת˫ץסһ 

ȫ亹ֱѱŤҽϣ 

أʹʹϰ岻ˡûԡ̬ʹһѱ顢һʣΪʲᡭΪʲҪҡ 

˵ǴҵõģԼеܲ˼顣շǳŭ˵ֻ˷йƢںߵĻЩܵ˺ 

һֱ˵ĺܡ 

վԹַʽǲǣ 

屻ŪᣬҪŮǰ̧ͷ 

ء̫ˡ̫ˡˡݡǴ̣ˣûĲʹյĻ 

ֹͣ鳷Ķδ磽᲻˳ڣץޱϣС§ʵһͬ˯ 

ݣ 

ǣûءպĹһЦҹһ˯ĵһҹ 



3 

šϸ΢̣գգص۽ޣȻתѡ 

ţҹļԺա˼ͣ屻ַĵڣ°һȵʹһ 

ɫ˲ɷףСĵŲ壬ҪȥҪҪߡ 

жѵվ¾棺ûȥ͸ҹԹԴϢ˫ս뿪 

ţ˲ʯľͷˣշɣı۰򽫷ѹͷԼλãΪϧδܹ 

ſҡ˺ 

š˵ľܾ 

רơӡֲе󡣷ΪԼеĪıϰǿȣܻؼңⲻǰܣҹԶġùݣ̫ݡ̫ݡ 

ǰǴĲǣз۶ϻβأԷļһ 

ˮ۾գգ촽ֹĲ˵֪˰ 

յûľסԼȥѷݺݵıϧڣʱ 

ҪץޱѷӹȻᣬڵĻȴǶʣ֮䵽˭ݣ¸ݶҪˣȴ˵ҪΪ˻飬ĲҪ˳Цǲǣ 

ɪһ£͵һպüŭĿ׶飬졭ϽĴͷԴ϶Ͳޱȥͷڹꡣ 

ֻ֪ҪýԼȴδյĴжѿ 

˶Ѿ׼ĲˣһޥһȥĻɴգ˭ҵΣָͷıԴüбʣҪ⳥ҵʧأ 

ţҡ 

˵˰ɣ㡣 

Բ𡭡̫ˡһû˵˵ 

춸ˡ⻹࣡ռǿʩǿҵиȥеϸ룭жĶԲҡֻܲһ㹫𣿡 

ǡģԼԲ˼ңһѵµĳںǸͷҵ죬ʶ㷺˭֪ҪϢͻȻ˵Ҫ˻飬һ˳ЦԿ 

Բ𡭡Բ㡭Ʋȥҿյףһܲмѹַʽ 

ֻ˽±ѣɡԼȴǹĶյӣ̫ˣ 

ѵ˵һˡ 

ûҺ޲ð㡺Сˣ˵ݻȴЦ˿ӢаȵЦǷδģ 

Ҫ죿 

ûǮ⳥һʾʧҲûжŵÿԸյţǸ⵰ǷһʾѧмƻҪһű 

˫米صѹЩ㲻ʲᣡ 

Ҫó⣬ޱķǹᣬһشľһְңһԶԶģӴ˲ٳǰ 

˵գޱҲϱɫĺܳ 

Լ·ڸϣԹĴ¶ܽӲʹɡ 

·ˡ´¹ѡ·ٶȶǸһ䡣 

ߣ˷´վס𡣡 

ɡԡε˵ʵϣȫʹƨɸʹ 

·ϵ·֮ύ 

лл 

ÿƽѾ̯˲ٷӦ£һ·ʲᡣ 

˵ǴһҪ 

ߣϰÿ޴²ΣСܣݸȶѹѹīˮʵÿȵҲûᱦ˲˵ʲᶼܷȥҹ˾ݱˡ 

ףеز˵ģҲ˭ 

ҡҡͷ̧ͷʵѾ̲סŭץļͷҧгݡƿڵͺ𣺡㡢ݡ롢ҡᡢ㣡 

ޡҵĶ䡭ˣ 

Ҳˣ 

治ͨģȻԼ᲻ð 

ҰοľֲܸĴ 

ϰ壬㵽Ҫò¶ķнĲ£ɿԼҲҪÿ쿴 

Ѿ޵ˣȥǱһƪǸʾһˡͷ˵߾ߡ 

㿪ˡյᣬЦЦ˵ 

̧Ȼһԡң 

˻ת 

ûվȻպĵͳɤһݣֱġת180Ƚǣţ 

ЦϰаЦڷ˶񺮣ʹף˸ĹâǳƵɫ 

ʱգ첻ʶˡ 

㲻ȥǱˡ 

ΪΪΪʲ᣿˵ýͰͣԼղġ 

Ϊû˲𣿡 

ȣ֪ 

ųһ亹˫Ųķ 

ֽ̧ϵĺˮȥŵɵ㣬շһЩ⣺ 

ΪҵܵΪʲ⣿Ϊû˵ƺޥߵúܽĴԣŮԼעԼӣͷβûעߣ 

ϴˬʣ֪һ𣿡 

㡭˻һ;𣿡 

ˡһȢýţĺ׼ҵ֣Ҫף˭ȢһȻҰץ飬ճɾأİЩǿűԴ 

һѯҵҵȻͬȫƺޥĽ顣漴ɫ޹⣬ŵ˵㡭 

𣿡 

˵ͷ㲻ƽ 

пȡ֪֮ҪĸܡƲƲ죬ͲǸԼԿˡ 

᲻ƽġǿ 

ƲѣΪʲ᣿ 

סӣ˵Ϊ첻͸߹ˣõҸӽᣬùԹԵİסһϵ˯°࣬ӽ쿪ʼֲҵʧܹƽɣ 

ֻһûġ 

׼ýסˡƣ̴þ׼Կ 



4 

Сңɴҡ 

ԼȫԼӣԼա 

磬ΪʲһؼҾʰҪȥǶ 

ҡ֪λشһ˰ԼŪɡǮ׼˽յļȥؼʰڿȴֻ30ӵʱ䡣 

ʱõ𣬡ޥģƻȢ㣬ұֵ֤ãޥĶСаְ֣ޥĻɷ򣬶һġɷ򡻡 

磬ɫò԰ף˲𣿡 

ǿ¶һĨȿ޻ѿЦݣҺüˣ㲻õġڣֻҪԹԵĵˣͻˡ 

ո֤ġ 

磬˵𣿡ޥüɫʣҪȢң 

ǵģңѾе¶ˡ 



·ʰûûʱ˷㻹ʲҪõģҰ㡣 

ճڷſڣ۳̵ķȫȻ춷ޥĵĴڣݷʶ 

˻ǰԼ 

ޥ㵵ĿգתͷȥɵĶտԶӶȴ̫һ 

ƽһˣȻʰ·ûп 

һЩҪ֤շϵĿڴ 

รáӹյĴ֤֮ͨͨڴ 

ȥ 

ϰϰҲϰ¡Ų 

հһţޥģȥ 

ҵġ 

ջһɣѹںͷĻӲ˻ȥ 

㻹ʲỰû˵ģ 

СصһûޥҪúչԼСĲҪ̥Ҫԡ 

ˡֹûû˵˵ֻطסˣĻǡ 

ޥģһúչ磬ƻúչһ˵Ķ³ŵվסֱۣǿƽ롣 



ⶰݣտһֱպ30ӡ 

ķСһһϵҪ˵յͷᣬ𣿡 

ҡû·Ҫʲ᣿ 

հһһʲƵġ 

ɵϣ˯ǲҪ·ġ 

ͻȻ¡¡׵罻ӣʱɵ 



 

Ҫԡ 

˵ԾͿԡ 

ҲҪ 

տķҡڵĽһҷξƷꡣ 

ۻĻŻţĿڴûǮϰ岻֪ÿ챻ȥ 

һҵ̣ɰԼ˶֪ûҪ 

ֱӿ϶¥ͬ¥µľƷ棬¥һɳĵط˵Եúܸ롣 

ŭĽϹΣΧǰƷͷһ 

գϱ𣿡 

ðװ׾ͦɰġ 

꼸˰̡߰ 

ˤΰأ㲻ȺŮЩʲ᣿ 

һȣеŮͨͨȥһſѷãҪ˭ҹ 

գ㻹ûءһƮƮȻŵһֱĶ˼ҿ 

㡭 

ܳĴͷȥӦŮˡĵյ߼ȥ׳׳˼Ƕ 

ǲǹͷķ³ǡ 

ϰһ·գۡ 

յһɣϾ棺ҲǴԶġ 

Сվϸ۹ⲻ⺢ӿܵ˼ҳ滵 

ߵ޵ݣ֪ǲϵҧй˵ס 

Ҫع˾ˡ 

գѾкóһʱûˣҺ㡣 

αضһ٣㲻ҲҼ 



˳˵⣬һﲻ 

ΪǴ·ǡ 

ɰסˣȴ˲ 

Ǹʮ̴꣬Ů˭ 

յ鸾 



һϱʿγϾһ¡ 

Կմණǲǣ 

š 

ֿס򦣬մҧһڡ 

Ϊʹգʣ 

ߣϰıǿ׺ղҲ̫Сˣ㲻ֻ㣬˶СҲһû´Σҧһھˣ 

Ůǡ㣭裿 

ն˵㻳ɰһ˻ϣÿһȺ̴û֦չѹͷӲġҲܲ 

죬ҷκ 

ƯĸרְԵĶӣ 

͵һհڵúף졭ĵ񰡣 

շƢ˵·㣬Ǹװʦû¾Ͱһ·ҵ¹ڣжתĿˡ 

㡭 

Ҷ㲻𣿡 

ΪûٵÿĴ֪ĵϸֻЩ 



5 

лҪ˵磬ϰȥ˾֮ᣬæײܿᣬҲʵ̸ᡣ 

͹ᣬմؼңûüڣվֱӽԡȥԡſⲽʱֻᱡСֻ 

Ƕɤڵ绰ͷԹǰԼýһȥӰĪˣ 

ҡˡ 

˼ҵҮҺǶ㣬绰ͷŮϰָʹԶӦѡ 

áϹȥֻתײһ¼Ӳǽ 

ҪȥǶ 

Լ 

ֹͣͷʪķˮɷβţͭɫƤλƵĵƹеѵƲͷȥֻһӼf㣬ϰ߿˵塣 

յĳĬ飬ȥԼᣬǰŮѣѾԶǸ浵Ů˵ɹȥʽܷ˼ҷû 

ߣŸհһ𣬷׼ñģ 

ıֶܵСҵᵽ꾫ӲС 

浵գҴӦҪҪšСĸ˵ڣסյļûȱһ٣ջᷢƢ 

ţҶˡҪ𣬺ߣҴȥץϵĳԿ¹һţò 

ҵĳԿסͷң³ľ룬ӲõõԼĳԿס 

ҪȥԼᣬҿʿγȥȽ档 

ѹŭ̷ʲĵ¡һ£㡺šȥ 

Ͳ֪յ˼֪·ȥˡϣܽԿ׻ 

ءҵ֪·ȥ֪·֪Դұñ֮ᣬΪŮ˾Ǻ꾫תҵ㱻ĵŮ˹һΪӵŮ˱ȱұɡ 

ٿǳɳɫûŮˡûлᡭ 

²Ҫ˵һᱻЦģ 

ǣлҪ˵ 

һĻҲزסӦøձΪޥģҰԼ㣬᲻ҪķʽˣһŮ˵ǰ̧ͷ£Ҳ㣬Ϊһ˲ŻʧȥǡĸеܱǸޥĹĸ飬һһÿϴ·쵱飬ĹܼңҪ˯ţһÿһδ߹ߣȻȥ˯ҲҪһͷ˯˲޵ġ 

˵һ󴮣ص߹£ 

ɰıһǲǣ 

ĴԴóѾ29Ҫ߹ߡ˫ֻأһгʣǲ˵Ȣޣˣ 

ǰһͨĵı֤һæɫģһһûҪͻ۵Ů˸㡣 

ҪŮ˰ִֻз볢ԡļ˻û˸ҵ˵飻ֲǲҪˣ 

֪Լڽֻʣ°˵ƾһвŮҪ޸㡣뵽һ÷Ǳ飬һкܶҹʱһһһɸѡһŮ˸㡣 

ʡʡɣϾܾ 

ŷʲ۹⣬ܿսȥƷգգĴ۾һ￰飭ܰĿ 

㲻Լıݾˣȥʾ 

ˣšĹϹƤ 

ߺߣԻúȣԼ˦˺꾫֮᣻ļƻ֮С 

һֱŮ˵ˣŮ˰Ľֽ̤¹һֻţƤֽװĶƬ֤ݡ 

ʲᶼ֪飬ʮԩͷһ 

Gֱǽרȷຣģ춷Ǳģ 

ģ 

յŭĹâƵûëȻ㡭ܲҵ𣿡 

ղŭЦǣ⼫ˣ㿴ҲЦúܿ𡣡һּͻ÷ 

հͷϵëȡ£ž˦αϣ²ȣһƨϴء 

Ƿڵĵƹ̫Ĺϵɣյɫ 

ױ̧ĳ룬ȡһֻͷǬȥһա 

壭壭ʱж绰ˣʾŵŮѡ 

ߵűȥǲĻĪĸеһ顣 

Ȳ𣿡ʵ 

յ˵ͷŮѵáĶ̣Ĺǵȴ 

Բ𡭡úίĳԿףԼʱ䡣 

һԷֱøֵ𱸷ĲǡŭüҲȥˣֻ׶ᣬС㣬ĳ;êˣȥԼ 

˻ж绰³ǱͰ 

ᶪҵֻ 

еúʹֻж绰Ϊ˷Ůġ 

ڲҪֻж绰ĺˡһȥһ㡣ߣ۸˾ֻѣˣĸа 

ޡ֮һнˮֻ輸ӾͷˡͰΪǮɥﱧԹȫռȰԵֶӵľٶѹû뵽һ»Ůѵס 



ӰԺ 

ԶԶͿһ˧һλע⵽ˣŮߴߴ˵ 

ιǿ㿴ǰڹ·ˣûֱߵǸָ˧ 

ֱģضӢÿࡡ 

ʮӣ춿һ۵ˡ浣ѵʱŻᵽ 

ˣǸ˧Աߵ˾ѡʱѣ 

ãҲδղţڵ绰˵˲ˡ˧ԭĿѡ 

Ϊ˲Ů˲Ǹʵԩͷ̫ԭˣСˣǵһļһ 

Բɫġ 

Ҫһʶλ׵˧磬ԲῴϷġ 

浣Բˡ 

ߣ浲κεǸתͷȥĴСƢûԹ 

浵᲻ӣεֱǸҺܱǸˣòã 

֡ߣһ̬ڵÿJˡ͸˷ĸԷǳ˹ʵֻᷢйԹԵĵǸֺ 

Ҹղףտ֡ 

΢̬һۣʲᣭһֻ̫ܲޣץ̫߷ֱĽǼ˹ʲﰡСᣡڶѵоС 

кյĴͷȥ¸ոеĳҲһֻж绰˷ˮѣ֮ǰȥ߼ѺüΣһţžҪǧԪǻҪ·ЬӡƷȵȸ˺üµнˮù⣬ʵûжŵfǮԻá 

ֻ̫Ҳ˺üԪģ񣭣⵽ҾͺáΪʲҪأ 

ŮӲϲ֮ 

ҲŲҪ̫ޣҪʯָȻǻƽ倣ٲã͸ɫҲԡ 

浰ﶪϡĿ海Ƣļ˶еǳΣֻϵɫĲż͵ڷĽűߣҲӶ˵ֶȷܺᡣ 

㡭ԾĿգղʱ˵ġ 

㿴ɣѶΪ͵ܺᡣ 

С㣬˵ˡ̾浵Ĵ 

˵ʲ᣿浲ܿΪʲΪ˵ 

ҲѡЦΪ˽ϰ壬֮⣬һͬˣƣѡһȵֹϵ 

Ϣһʱ 

߷ֱļڳĸŮ˿з 

ͬʱɫһڣΰΣֻǿҪ赹ѡ 

ձ򶨵ĽסӾͻڻķᾭšֻʵʵ˵ǲ죬ֻһ˶ѣСѼ˵Ҳ 

ڣѾ浵ڶгˡ 

ôؼȥҲ 

ĸŮ˱죬Ŀͳܿ˧籧ʧеһͷ 



һ״ʫ 

Ƕ² 

ʯ·ƽ 

ˮ 

˶鲻 

ٺ١˼ 

˵²ϲνĵ,ѹûͷ......Ц 



6 

ھͻػˣԼ赹ԭ֮ᣬѿߵʱӿͷܻʣ 

Ϊʲ߱һȣǸǸ˵ 

ǿ 

ҡҡͷðָյϡе㸴ӣ벻е˵ݡ 

Ǹʵհѻȥ˵ 

ȻѣǸλȻں˵뷨̫˼ˡ 

˵Ȼ˻ǵɱ̬ģ 

Ϊһں˵Ŀ𣿡շǳ˵ҵȦ˭ҵɫԷŻû˸Ǹǰ 

ϰһСϴ󡻣ƽԹˣ˭Ҳʣ 

һСƽͿˣΪʲҪ 

մӳ̽ӣվڳű߲Цǡ 

ЦͷƤ˲䷢飬µˡ 

ƤЦⲻЦģܹ졣Ѱȫϵã׼򿪳 

飡ĳŹϡ֣սŰѣֻҪһţȻȿ񱼣ȥ 

лû뵽һȫıѳе̬ļʻѾ˳ûЦݣ˵ڵĻܹݣҾ㣬׼ȥЩĵĺ꾫һǱкüȡߣ 

ţ£ð޴뷨ͲԼǸûȵĲзϣ 





ȥϴˡصңͷɥ˵ 

ȥҵ˯նıӰƲסԼǰȥݺݽѵһ١ 

˵۵ף᲻ô߽ԡļһƿֱϣղſϴȥȴɿڵСԶߣԻеʬ޴档 

ԡķԹ԰룭 

ǧá򲻸ȥλϰ壬֮ǰ¼Ů֮䡭Gˡ 

ģһҲеѹԼҲӦŮˣŮϵõҲֻѡ 

ʡűˣղŮǣɲҲҪǣ 

֪ǳ룻ܷŹءūŰɡ 

кŬ˼Ȼ˵ʲϰ˯ 

ֻСͰʮ˿ɾŮͣ 

յϲֹ°еǳգɼԼӦŮˣӦ˶УֶԼӵˡ 

Թ̾˿תˮͷĨٳˮԼȫϴǬ˿һСʱ֮á 





ϴʱ仹Ǿðҵȵöˡֻ֒OıԹ 

ߵĿλʾⷽϴ 

ϰû˯รڴߣе㲻յľãˣĸ 

ԹԵ˴ʵʲ£һֻСͰʮ˿ɾŮС 

ϲƼġ 

˱ЦΪۣε룺 

ź򰡣˶һشŵҡǬÿҡ˯ˡ 

һֱûձȽʡ£ǸӵĻҲ˵ʲƼĹ£ֻᰲͽͯ 

ǡСԼұ֤ġ 

ҽعͷȥձҸᡣ 

һͻˡ 

˵úаգΪҲ꣬㲻ϰ˯ǰСҪѸ㡣ĲӦȥ˯ˡ 

룡 

ûվѾѹƽĴя龰ơŷ 

㡭ﰡ仰Ҳʹյţû· 

𣿡û뵽ҪＱֳΧڷ°ԡȵڷеĴȴ 

ţҪյĻͨͨҪؿڣŵûǶɵȥˣ˵ѾͰͣ㡭񡭡һҡ 

ձסĲ˵ 

ҲŲ㣬㡣Ҫ˯СеƼˡ 

˵ͯ£ 

Ƶĺӳ˵ɡ 

СĴ̼̲סſھҧϰ۵ļڸá 

İ쳹ڣյĶĤ 



7 

տס򦣬մס̴ڣͷʪȵĿǻڷԵćÿһ磬סС಻š 

챻Ʒˣ˺óһʱŽŪ֣е㱰ɣһñÿҹģζ𡭡 

ءͷ˱ˡ 

̬ûԡ 

벻Լ˿ֲռӲĥҹַ˽ڣ̡ 

Ứۿתɲģףѹϵ뿪Ĵ࣬޵ 

ӵһԵʱͱɬľګıһʱ䣬Լѹ⣭ѿ 

ûнŮ̼⣬ɵɵÿݵī֭ȣٿζĴڶɸ 

˭뵽ĸ鹱һϡ 

ÿμèܿһĺ¡ŭ˵Һˣû۸㣬ҵ³ķֿȣʧصڣݺݵĳ塣 

ȻһУãʹŮ˵Ʒ 

պˣһΪõ°ŭͨͨйԼϡֻ뵽յı̬Ϊ 

ء屻ſޣȵʹŰյĻλαUU˫ֽץ˿ı۰ﵽȫͷɢˣ̲סģĺʹ㡭Ҫ 

С˵İյĶղܵջ 

µ˶ǣ 

úܿɰķ¶᡺ˡıݲٵǣͣõŹ֡ҧ˵ҪϰߣֻҪͻʧء 

ŪϴĻٿŰԼʥˣǰЩ˵ĻѾ㲻ˡ 

ȵײϵʹ͵һȻסԷţյͺһ춷ľ˫§壬ƺߵ졭һϡ 

ΪȻ߿ࣺءҲŻᱻŪֲŮˡ 

ŮˣҲ㡣 

Ůȥ㣬ҡԲԼˡҪˡ 

ʱԼҪҪȥԣ 

СУҡҡͷȥԣһԶ 

뵽ˣԭ̵ɫһڡ 

ˮεδؼջ䣬ÿɱķʽ˼ҷй 

ĪģһʹʤϳܵʹգҪŪǼŮŮ˵ĴƷǡ 

һ㣬ˡȥˮƿͷ 

Ҳ˭Ū޵ģ 

ڲ᣿ 

ֱè޺Ӽٴȱ 

Ʋͷȥ뿴ױеʹͷŻۻΪյ¶һ˿ϧ 

ɲǶѣѾǲǣ 

ĪǸ꾫 

Ȼ᲻ԸӵջͷɶʵĻպۣһùˣͨͨΪԵжȥռСӶᣭ 

Ҫϲ 

ҪԹԵ 

ҪԶġ 

ᣬղŷַѾʡ 





ûݷõĸ״˺ɫ 

Ӱ˯ǲǣ 

˯á賿ŷŹ鳬ˬģѵķ˽ʹǽʹ 

ʹʹ 

ģ۸˱ȱ۸˻Ҫܡ·£Ҫطȥˡ 

ƶһ˯߲㣬ɫƢǵʣʧǲǣ 

ǡû˯ 

㰡 

гʧߵ֢״ΪҵѹΪ˸⡣ 

ϲˣϲһϲ˵ˣ顣 

죬Ѿ˹յỹʧߣ 

û˯ 

裬ҪЩ֪ʵ£֪ڸʲƳǰϹˡ¸ԵĶӾҪˣõĻ᲻һŮֳҵ£Լᴦ 

մ˸Ƿ˯ˡӹĸתͻط 

εİ̾һӣǸƺ«С̫룬ֵǱΪϱ 

СӺСϱһ 

춴ϱһʧķ򣬱รӵĸԡΨҶˣҲû 



8 

ϣԼܹԶҪǬյĴˣջʬ 

˵ºܸߣأǿֱԼھ࣬ͷգе 

ĵŲ壬ȣһˣ°ʹˣ 

֡Ҳѹˡ 

˯Ҫ۸ˣ 

ſңԼٶʩŰֻʣ°ѣҲĥ 

С⿪ռʮ֣һ˴ΩŻѹյ¡ 

Ͻ죬գգϿȥƺ˯úܳûĽѡҺá 

ŻŵǱĳȣԼƵġ߰Ҫ 

·һSIZEƲȥһ˯ġࡻɺܲˬ 

ҪΪʩ·ͻмŲᣡ 

м˼ҵůģչ˵ĸоáԺൣֶӰ 

һյĸ̫ˣԲǳĽʧܣȻϼļȱݣŻ֡ФޥĶСǧŴ᲻֪ж׼鹣 

ߵ룭Ҫ绰ýҪúע̥̣رδҸ 

Ȼͻһޡƨɺʹ죬֫Ӳٲάȥԡҳղ°ĺۼ 





ˣ 

ⲻǷϻûĻվɵǰе԰׵ȥĵذ嶼 

£üͷ˵ʲйһͷѹȥðɳͷ 

ŵһսζȥǲʲᶫսˣ 

ʲᶫ𣿡ưͨͨԭλ˹¯ҲûȼͰЩùĳֽһЩֽh֤ʹù 

ɫѸٴܺ죬εһָһŪһЩʳ 

ʲ᣿յ£Ŀǹʲᶫ 

ϡԡڶ³һѳˣӴù涨ǽأ׼ȥ 

ռĳڹʹãԼıݣ˽յš 

ڴʲ᣿ 

ůߣŮ˵ĴƷ 

һԼҪƽ룬Ϸݾǡ 

Ҩһ࣬յϡҲ֪ϲθڣ֮ҡյθڣ´λĽ 

ͽʲ᣿ 

ֱӴȥԷȥ˾ϰࡣȻΪ׼ʳ֪ճĶθڣʲ᣿ 

𰸺ԣʲŵΡӣĳµһϡ֤ϱ 

һĿյı飭Ź֡˲䣬ͻָƽס᲻ѳԣ 

Ҳʳմʵ˵ 

㣬Ҫ̻ʣθ 

պš̻ʻԷٶȣõģʳֱӵθ᲻θ 

ֻ֪֪Լ˷ѷΪκβ֮¡ 

ѳһյĹȥϴȥ鷿ù°ٻʱƲվڳſڵ 

ֽ˫ֵˮݣ̤ʵ㻹ûңϡϲθڣ 

ֻǿκλش 

Խŵҧεϵ֪ǹϡ̫óԣҲ³ղŻ˶СʱɹһСӱսˣѾѹϴǬ 

˵һ룬ֵķסȵĴģͷҲ΢ 

ǳǳǺܿʲоûУֻ죬üƽУ񣬺̡ 

֪ͺá 

ղףѳԵĶͨͨ¶ȥüͷûһ¡ 

˼⣺³һҪǵȇʳζ 



9 

磬ϲ㰡춰Ūˡһſ˧Цյİ칫ң˲ǱˣǡǱӡơ 

ˣͷҲû̧ǩõĺԼ 

磬ôҲлһ£Լһ֣Ҿ̸ϻˣ۰һ죬ûصƽڲ輸ϡ 

ý顣ȥĻɴա̯ԼĿһ֮ᣬջس 

٣磬˵ʧ߻ûã 

ûش𣬷һȣ˽ϰʧ֢𣿡 

ǰһϵĿȣҲҪȡȫ˾¶֪ݵĿȳؿζ˭Ҳ̡Ωдϰȵ£ѹʧߡǡ 

ʧߣΪܵܵƻЦó 

пԼеˡ 

°ᣬȥҽòãҹľ̫ò˯Ҳ˯ 

Ҳȥҽβʧ֢ҪǷŽҩǳ԰ҩκõġ 

ʡʡɣȰҸˡʧԭġ 

ʲԭ򣿡 

ƶͶɱĿӶֵ̹ʧ֢ԣΪһǳϲʧߣάֺüˡ 

ǳϲˡǳϲˡ૵ưԵЩ͵ķϵһȥ˵֪Ϣ 

͵͵㣬ղΪޥʧߣˡ 

̫ˣתȥһۣ˵߽ᣬƺʲ棬ᡭˣ 

һѽ˲ޥġ 

ǲǾֵܲãʲ° 

ֻҪޥܹ˲Ϻ̺ĸͺֵá 

춣˭ҪޥҲգһڸ˭ҲǷ˭ 

ᣬأ 

ʲ᣿ 

ԼҪƽϣĿƽ 

ͷƵѹһʯûд𰸡 

ȻղԸȥҽĸȥȰ˼ңοϰҲĻ˵Ҳǰ˵ȥԼˡ 

ͷص칫λ򱨱 

磬ĲɵĹҲ֪ʱ뿪ģ֪ǲķϡ 



ܿ٣ 

죬֪յļڶ࣬˷ʿҲ١ 

ⳡԭաûиһ޸ջҸ 

ԴƸ˵ˣһֱ¡ 

ʱ룻Էϴ衢Ҳ룻ϴʱյĻ룭仰ӰεĴԺҲˡ 

֪Ǹ˭ 

֪Ǹ˰գ 

֪Ǹ˻᲻ڻ棿 

Ѱرյ٣ڸ˭˵ҵڶǻڼݣֻҪ˸ս̸ŮԺǾ仰ʹܳѣˡ 

һȺŮ˰Χƺȿ˵ǸJڵʲ࣬㲻ȺŮѵ 

ղ֪˵ʲ˦ȺŮˣͳʲ᣿ 

һʱ֮䲻֪شܲ˵Լһֱɡ 

ǲǽ̫࣬󲿷ݵ㶼ʶԼ߶Բע⣬˾Ͳˡ 

˵ĶԣܶҶʶԡ˵ѣеĽĿԱߵһɰء 

յϼұͥԺôռƺҡǮˣųòۼ޸˭Ƿ֦ͷˡأ 

Gרůūš 

ҺҹûŰԺú·û 

 

ߣں˵۹ῴǣ֡ 

졭һ·еεҪҪ鿪ưµ֣ȴյø 

ٴͥԺȺһž״ǰǿѱ򶨣ϹһĨܰ׳յ΢ЦĻźܶͻῴϱǻҪȣ⸽Ͼ¡ 





ǰ˯ķ䡣ڷὫϡ 

䷿İӦúȥǰһ׶Ƣ˭ҸĶ 

ߵǰϷڷһЩյƬҿ𣿡 

㡣 

еƬȻնû¶κЦݡ 

ᣬ˫һ§Ӣڷļ獀̰ļȡ㡣ձۣеĴֻ̾ҿġ 

⼸ĸоһÿ춼͸ϴ·£һ°࣬˯Ȼǿȵֶεõ壬˳ˡ 

ǲϣˣ 

ǲһϲ 

ֻҪһͺãҪĲ࡭ 

ҷһֱң󲿷ֵʱ㶼е㷢 

Ժˣôϣʱ䣬ݵøŨ࣬˾Ͷڣ죬ϴ·˰еϴ·ۣŪһų̂ϴ» 

ûϵں£ںѼҵƷŪںʳֱ˳Եģм࿴һۡν 

һһʰŻᷢĺã⡭ 

Һϲ㡭仰˵°ѵСŻˡ 

·᲻ĸ飬Ҫһ𡭡 

˫սʧصĽ˱øλÿ˺þãֻԸֻ 

ٿǺ죬ѵʹ㡭Ҫճˡһֱ͵Ҳɣ˵ġ 

ǲԸ֡ϷľӡļǺš 

ţյ˫ֲݵĽ⿪¿ۣҪ 



10 

˶һ𣬵ʱһľͷˡ 

Ҹɫ˲ɱüͷ£ͷݷ˺ݺסʹ 

ʲԭǴһԸĴ 

Ǿģ˶Ӳ֫˵һУղΣ 

ǰΣԸԶҪѣһ룭Ϊһϲ 

ǸԼ 

࿴ʲ᣿ 

סͬһ£˿֮⣬ܿ˭ 

ʲϡģ 

ԷԺĸԣ᳣ʵ 

Ҫȵһܺͷõ 

ť۵һ£źҪˣȴѣֻĬĬӵ 

ɶҪһҪˣƣˣǿȣõ֮ᣬȷҪɵϣʱΪһųÿһҲ¶Ц 

ĳʹĸ֪Ϊ˰һˣúܽǲ񲻵ġ 

İѿֻػص˵Լĸܣϣܹ飬Ϊķ˫ֳ»˶̰ĸϸļȵڷıг˵ 

šʮָץӱԵֹס˺ܼû 

°գ˫ȱֿ˽ʪȻͷڣһϣ˫һ̿ססӡ 

ʲ£ 

Ǹ˰Ȼͷϵɿаľֹ°Կʼ仯֮ǰβݡѾסһ˵Ļ 

ռͦһ˲ᴩڣʹ࡭ 

Լʲ͵ģ 

ĪģĺʹеʹİԵŰѣʹҲ޷˵ԼҪȥں 

ź 

Ҫ˵ĴƷ 

ޡýǿҵĿ˵Ľϴϯȫסͦĸ°ĽĸŪͬĸܡ 

Űӣʹͬʱĥе壬ݷ֮ǻоᡭ 

˵ļҡڶζ˻ռԼۣˮģߣΪʲᵽ˿̲ŷ֣ں 



ддͱˡ㰡ҷַİǱġҵ= =!!! 



11 

ʹ𣿡 

šڴأ˵ͷ 

һʵ㻹ϰ𣿡 

ϰߡգˡ 

ϰ 

ϰ߱ϰߵţϰƷΪϰߣ 

Ҫֻϰߡʧȥ˹ɣ߳Ѹٴɫ΢ĴŵݣɲԲҪϰߡ 

仰һյؿڣȴҪʹ𣭣 

ģǷ˲Żᱧ㣬һңٿס˿ڣ۽ŹƳ۽޹һᣬ̰ץݺݵﰲοת˷ȥסŰѣڿƣֹԼǰȥĨȥ˸⣬ֻ޸ɡ 

Ҫ޲޵ĴѣǣٴȥͷŭԼᾭջ󣬷Ҫϰء 

һݣָתŰѣ뿪˷䡣 

˵鹵ĳн˱˵ŭ𣬱Ƶһǽû鹹˭ϴˬҵ·ñ 

鹹յıӰЦ⣬⣬Ϊ֪ĻԷڵļһ 





ϵֱ˿һ۾Ϳڴ˶Ĩȥϵʪ⡣ 

ΪʲʾɫԵôϰһſˡմӹϢЦ⣬޵ġ 

ûб⣬Ļʧᰡ 

վڷǰз۶꡺Сһֱ֪ԭøϲһ͵ˡ 

ƲƲ죭ൡһûɫϽһץһ͵ġ۲ݡҶһſֲ˭˭ 

һ˫Լ˭Ϊ߳ȥֻˣϸ֪ǡ 

һο˿Գŵ䣻ϸµһ˫Ҷüϸĵۣĺ촽ͦεıǣ϶쵰ӡ͸졢Ƶļκëϸס˾µٶȥĻױƷˡ 

ǡø߰ϸձȽ֮£Ȼղռ˷ǳʵȴζѹֻһȺŮ˵ţԴʲᰡ 

ԸܵⲻƣЩеûеġ 

ƺڵջעҽܵյõܣ塣 

Ҫղųȥˡ̵۽޻£Ǳߵġ 

ʲӣ֪ʡʹѿе֪СĴˣֻװɵ 

ҽзյ飬Ҫҡ 

岻ͷĴδĻ˵ϻȻҪաأյķ䣿䷿һģǡԶһ£ѻ˵һ롣 

ʲ᣿ 

ϲ˯治װɵüʵúܲ 

ȣԵһĸ˰ءմϲ˻˯𡭡仰֪ʳ˿ڡȷԼϲˣᣬ˭䷿˭˯Ŵ 

λƺͻðһƬĴ綤ʹƨɡ漴վ˻һ£ǿֱ壬˿ԼĲʡ 

ûٴܴ󷽵ļӷа裬ȥ¹񣬿ŵıסյ·ĦЩ߼ϣݷӵƵģհȥʱһû䣬·ˬζϵζһ 

Ʋȥ뿴徫µֳ飬ܰ۵Ĵʹ˫ۡ 

һƨʹŻޣﷺһءͣ 

¹˵Ǹ˰Ϊһϲһ󷿣˵硣סڱ̫ˣӸ˽ܵ˴ţǹƧء˵ոסһǲǣ 

ǡסһ𡣡ϲˣūš 

Ưĵ۳ʣΪʲס󷿣ʲϵ 

ҡԷĿǼֱǸԵĵΪĴ 

õ 

ղŵľٶ˵˰Ľ֮飬׽šĴȻ߰顭˵յĸӹϵ 

ǽ׼ң֮ǰǡ 

һתһ룭 

ƾʲֺΪ˽͹ϵڰգҧҧһֻյ͹ܼҶѡ 

ŶߵǰȻķŻȻ㲻յİˣͲסǶҺյģҿɲϣûϵf˵ȹĴ 

֮⣬ǲҲ̹ң 

ƵĶЩŭŲӣ 

ƾһߣ΢ŭʵ˵⻰ʲ˼ 

ƺŵƬ֣õѶϢ˵˺ܵСģеӸ죿 

죻ø߷Ļǵ˵㻹յ飬ϰ˼㶼ûµİҸ㣬հˣ֪𣿡 

е𺳼ˣʱ׺䶥Դ졭΢Ҳ֪ 

㲻֪¿ɶˣһҲ֪հȥһ죬Ǹղ¡仰ǶԷʾġ 

㡭 

֪ǸղʲᡣҲǸ˵ճ˴˻ط˯֮⣬˽ġ֮⣬ǵڶ䷿ˡ۾ʲᣬ۵С 

̬ȸԼʾĹϵԺʱĪϲǸˡСĴＷʻϣõĴǷϡ 

̾һε˵յõܣΪǿԹһ˵f𡣡 

Թ۷ɫ˲ৰףԽСӲΡΡվס˰ɣܵ룭Ȱɡ 

ԭ˵ĴƷ 

ԭķʽ 

ԭհ֮ѪԵϵһѹոΪ˰һˣúܽǲ񲻵ġ 

ǰ벻 

Ե˿˵ʹĻɼжʹ࣬Լʧߡ 

ΪʲջͬԵ£ 

ҪȢ˶ĿȻסլ˫˫ɡһǵģ 

Ǹɵϣѹ 

ΪǱˡ 

˵ĴƷŮ˵ĴƷ˵ĴƷ 

Ƭѿ޵ԼȻš 

ʪȵҪ̶̵ͷȥʾ˿ЦҴĶӳţ̵ˮǱվߵϣе㲻Ĵŷߣ 

¶һĨЦǣûĴͿʼеĻš 

ҪһؼңյġӡѾߣǼ󷿣֮ 



12 

 

ͳɤᴫתͷȥŭ 

·ˡ 

෴ߵת¥ͨԺҪҲǲǣ 

ļٵڻ÷Ĥ졣Ҷ˵ʲᡣ 

ʵ˵·ǽڣʱգԼǰﲻסȥʣˣû 

ɲԾʹ˷Źˣ 

ʲ᣿ 

Ҫؼȥϴ·ϵءûϵĸԸūţֻҪǱ˴Ʒͺá 

ͫӳ׽ǵɫҪ¶飬ᵱġ 

ΪںԼһɳ嶯ǰˣвҪŪң 

ȴûԼ롣һĨȿ޻ҪЦݣ 

ǣǰ׳գѾڷˣʲᶫ 

Ǹ㲻״ԳȡЦԼͷһᣬܲỨۿߩߩӣˮ˻ȥֲñŪ 

֪Ɀһ˳ɻ·ϻˣܲĴڣ۷Ѫˡ 

ղſڲԵ̫ݣƷۿͨͨᡢաڡζӳ£ҧץţѷѹĿڣѪ 

յͷֱͦıǼ뷽ķĥķ˲Ż㣬ԲҿƲסԼҲǿȲ˵һ𡭡 

һսյѶϢǲҪ˦ˣ 

ȵһ٣ʵһ߿˫ֽձͦװף֡ 

ǸֻҪ޸ͺãʧȥԵġ 

ղŵȥ͸͸ѾˣڲûϵϰӵҲνļҷƢǿӲԸڷǰͷֻԭҡȻᰮҡ︽һ˵ڵĻ 

ƿůţҪĲǱǿȹĵǸ˿Ӧκ¡ 

ģʵ˵һ֪ڷ㡣 

õˣ 

ϸᵽˣմɫڲסϲ֮顣ΪϲƵĻû뵽ǓϷɻϻˡ 

Ҫ֤һЩ£յĿ֤ʲŸԲ顣ĸǲǺܺã 

ֻöѣҵ֣Ǻġ 

󷽵̹һУҡյΪ֮ǰɵɫ԰סȥ˵仰ϾʹؼҺ𣿡 

˵ 

ۣӦˡš 





ӲͷƤվűߵˡ 

һɣգ˯ҵʱû֮ǰֱ˼ƣͷ͵Ҫ 

עջش 

عʱ˯źί㡣 

ԼϽ죬Բпʵ 

ȻҲ˯Ҫ˯İ˵ǲǣ飿 

ǡðʾģ˽˼ 

յǸҪ˼źҰӲݣֻʺ·ߣô 

ڴ̬Եˣۣ촽˵Ļ 

գΪ࣬⼸Ҫúòҡ 

ðҼңԷմĿԷı顣 

ҪؼˣúϢ 

տߣۿҪԼΪţԵľܾһ֮ʣתյעؼ֮ǰҪȥһ꣬ȥòã 

˼ʱţü𣿡ȡЦĲ˻治˳Եġ 

붪Լĳ͸ˡ 

һҪԼ뿪ļ֮ǰһʳ 

룬Ҫʳʡ 



13 

ᣬˡ 

棬㷸ԺҲԼʰҪİæ 

ݵĿȺúȶˣüǼ̾ζʳ׵ĹͰɣ̻˷ʲɫζȫ 

ĲҲȽڣƲζȴθڴ󿪣ݵĹóϸʵƷθ 

նɳԣ˫ӷ˯գɵɵƵ 

ǡ˿ڵģһΪǡɵࡻɣ 

˳ɻƲ˵۾ 

Сĵĳ鿪ѹڷµʳף˯ú޷ղݵ˯˶ȵڻļơҪ 

ջ֣վ˵᲻ôɳϵķɿƿʧ֮ǰԡҡ 





ۣ漴ԡҴˮЩֻҪԡҳеͣȥˮˡ 

նûȤ 

ǲ֪յж༤ңȥˮҲԸ۵һĵ׷࡭ 

ڣֻǵı˯ѣƷ 

֮ǰµҪȴϣܹ֪ûиҲνĸԸĸദʱղˣҵ˷ӣͻԶ뿪 

ϣܹǵЩӵĸı䣬ݵĿȡͻϴ÷Լ顭Ƕš 

˼һõĻ仹Լ 

ԭˣȴ˼˯ˡҪãȻͷϵˮƣԺǺˣ 

ðɳ嵽һԡȥ 

һӣȥϴˮˡ 



簡ȵĴк˳һĵϡǸø翴ġ 

รһύĿǰڿᡣ 

֪Բȥ 

ȣˣƵģ÷һޡ׼ҵȱݣͨͨᣡ 

Դ룻ȴиڷղģ˳ˡ 

Ļȥ˾桭 

£˦˦ͷں˼ʲ᣿ϲ˾ڰ칫ء 

ߣ 

ʱ嶢Ŀⲻ֮ǰ᲻ƣƺ˼˭Ҳû˵칫ҵձóеǳڡ 

յĿе֪ԭ屻ȥµҵγר̻μӻ֮⣬ʱƵĹ 

ƴޥĳУ˵ʲû湻ǲ 

԰ܾﲻԾ 

ӻ֮ǰƵΪͱúܲΣһ̯յūţ÷Ǻĸ˳ɽˮⲻ֪油λõ˻Լû֮أյļǹ˾ 

Ѿ뿪Ĵ㣬Ͳӡ뿪յһԭǣҪۼ˫˫ɡܲ˵ġ 

ԼһԼͷϵֽ㹻ȥһ׷ʱûйӦһʱ䡣 

ʵܴ󷽣ĬĬлǷľѧ֮ǰķԼһֻµֻûʹãֻǰڼﵱװΡ 

뿪ʱһҪǵðֻߵƷ 

ϣ׼ĸԷе㵣ҹ 

׳ա׳ա׳գʲýģ 

й֮ˣŵūżɶʡʲᰡ 

תߣҪڹ˾տ֮һȥͣ£Ͳס˼֮࡭ڰ칫 

ȣЩԼˣҲԼȥݿȡ»ǵþݡ 

סȵȣ㲻ȥ˲ˮݿȸˡݰϢݵĿֻܵסǸθӵнղ֮˺ģθڿȵĴݲУϻҪ˯ݾƤϻ 

֡ңҪ˦壬ȴץýơŵˡǴ 

ϲ˵⡣ 

ᣬ𣿡վƯķ۵ת촽һĨЦϸϸü߸Ӷ񡢱ӵ˵񶾵Ļ 

ΪʲҸΪҲ֪ÿҹ˯øĴȡҵλãûеȥĻлɳáһ˾Ͳѻø㣬øҵģˣõԼĽңˣʲĹøĴ 

ĹĻᣬ㲻ҪҽҲûУ 

Ͳ 

˵ûУΪʲ˶ˣûַ˯ 

ȣ֪˵𣿷ۣŸ˵˽й 

Ǳ׳ģûĻˣ汿 

㲻˰ɣ˵ûĻø磬С 

ҪңǱϱ졣Ѿƽǰ£οѾˡ 

ץ˷βĻʧСᡣ˵ø˰ɡ۹˽վӣԼⲻˡҪҼҵ˵֮ĹϵûĸܼҵĻԸϰ˯ģĲϵõʲ᣿ 

ͷҡ÷ɿ죬ûСûСûСҲŲҪǮҪķӡҪĳӡʲᶼҪ˵ʲᶼҪҪհп 

һ֣ӳơȴ˵˵Ļ 

ߣҿø̫ûߣ˲ŻȥйĿƵסԼء 

һʹոǸ˵Ƿ˲Żᱧġ 

ɥͷֹ֣ͣϵɢһضǣˮѾֽŻһƬʪ⡣ 

ʱľĬȻһ᲻˵ˣĬˣ 

̧ͷʣ˵öԡ˲ŻᱧңӣûӯıûҪҪ̣Ÿġ 

֣жʱһƬհ׵ĿϵϣȻص˵İ칫λȥ 

һɽŵ״ϱ谡øˣ 

ɡϳƻŵ 

ͻģиõԤУ浽û 



14 

աաˡ 

ƿŨܵĽëվڴصӰӳͫһ죬ϽůĻ 

İյţˬϢƢ 

ڿʧص˺ԵЩ٣˴ƺʲᣬڱµСأ׵ػһʰ֮ơ 

Ȼ˭Ҳûȥȼһļ顣 

ֻҽ֪ܾԼɣԸĬĬܡҷԼ̫̰ĵڷϣԸȡ÷֪Ҳĵһ档 

ܵҪ¸һ˿ϲնиоġ 

ĿƵסԼءĻһͰˮ˷ӣ˲Ϣġ 

ȥ˾ϰˣȻٵ֪仰еЦ˾յģϰ˼ϰ࣬˭˵ 

׳ջ˵Ĵ 

ˣһ£ӦһЩƣͷе衣̰սֱۣСƭƭıǧľǱƭˡ 

ҸðˣҪȥҽ档˵ѣҽǽڣҪȥҷӡ 

ȥֻյĻůλòġòǿԼ뿪ҡ 

š͸֪Ҫһ졣ɿ˫ۣ뿪˱ѣͷϡתͷĵ˵һ£ȴȥҽԺȻؼҺúϢȥϰࡣ 

áϽƲͷȥٿչػԼı⣬ߡ 

첻һȥ˾Բ𡭡ۺޱ߳䡣ΡΡŰϣڲϵͣҪǿԼ¶Цһȹദÿÿ룬ɣЦҲԲ¡ 





ٻص˵ӣ硣ѾҺδ֮ 

̫󣬵صرѡڹ˾ 

ѺͿʼڡ 

ʱԴտգܲ͵͵ףȫû뵽Ҳ̫˰ɡ 

͸ֶѡǰ׳գ 

յȥ򿪱ʳûڣڸﰡ 

ȥ˼ԡҸϴ̨ȫԶϴ»ӣ˳ϴ·۾͵ϴ»ڣʱղŴ򿪵ıֻʣаװδڵĢһ˶ѡ 

ֱȷտ°ˣһ´绰Լһȥƻгˣ 

뵽壭̻񣬼İϴ»ʱأȻᾪȻһУ 

λϵĶ⡭ҾȻϴ·۶ˣϽ򿪸ˮϴ·ûǼ·ϣɫʱһڡ 

²ͷϴ»һţ壬ʳкҩ 

ƽһأĵỵ 



һǱȽϲд˸еֵ......Ц 



15 

߳˾žͿһ˶ɵƵ·ߵ߸ˣշԵ̴󲽿ȥճһԡ 

ˣҾҪؼȥ˰沿ڴʱͣ΢΢¶һĨǿ֮ΪЦĶ÷ 

ڹ˾¥µ˽һСʱֵá 

ûϴ¥ȥգǲ˵˼ңǱһͶˡټ˵֪ŪټҵƷ 

Ҹ˵һµƻгǵҪȥһϴ·ۻؼҡ 

кյ˵ԼԺ£ЦˡȡЦ 

زϴ»˰ 

䣡̱ߵһƬϼҪ죬ɬȥյĹ°Ұȥ 

նĲӶˡЦ˵ɵϣ°ԼȥϷžͺãҪͶᡣ 

Ҳԡ˵ɵͷܳˡ 

ޡԼϲǰӾͱһŽ˵ԣû˼ 

֮ǰϲ˼ңҲô㶼û뵽 

ıǶһ٣տڵ־סֱۣߣһȥͣ 





˳հѹ°һֱӽ˳ȥĻƻгʻһͣ;նû˵˺ü¥㣬ദĿλͣҪӿȥģ 

Ǹ˺üͣλӶ¥ʼкܶ೵λګګ˵˿̣հ࣬е㡭£ 

Ʋأ԰ѳ¥Ľ䣬յֻͣⲿͣŶѡˡ 

ΪʲͣԶ΢̴һ˲ٴĴס˺һһ˵Ϣͷˡ 

ۣ˰ԵͷӦõոԿǻÿһ磬ʪȵ໥˵ĺ١ֿ֮ǣһ͸˿ߣľǣһļǺš 

ѾܲˡɬľګĴ˵ģʧȥǣа취ӿ͵Цˡ 

޳һһťۣͷȥϢǰĺ˱ҧеĳǰµİȫ뷽Ŀɣò顣 

סյľ͸ƻտļϴϢֹ 

տϱˣﶼѾҪ 

ȥ⿪յɿڣǵú͵ĴյĲӣҲԼĺۼϣۼԶʧһÿվӵʱ򣬾ͻĴڡ 

һҧ֪Ķռֵ÷ǳɣáˡ֪ġ꼻һҲá 

һʹἤǲеϲԼˣ 

תͷڼ獀˶ϲɫʣ 

ޣ춡ͣ 

ճ°˵־ȡ 

գɵۣ߲ѤõĹâ俪ֹסĺ𡭡ա֡ 

ﶥͷŶĿյմ˰Һ壬Բ𡭡ұﲻס 

˵סĵġ䣡 

ľֹɽָȼԣһĿҪը 

̱ӱձȥʻڿռޣ˾Ϳڷ̺յм䣬ڲ׼ƣհµ°ֹй 

µΰ걻⿪˶ڣһ˲ᴩϵڣ 

ʹ 

ԼӦһĸоʧ˿ƣ̰ľȡΥյĿУļӲײ彻̼ӿҵҪҪҪ 

 

˫ʸ˵ıʮָץе֮½ɣжʹν 

ΪϲʤһС 





û衣 

ţ˫һ£漴Ѹ죬װûµĸϰʵû 

У˵ϰץһѶԺǰ˹໥ӳܽЩ㣬Ǯ 

İáлл¶һĨЦϰҲЦ 

Ƶ˹ˣҲûϵ˵ϰзŽ 

ֽӹӣĵѵòҪ̼ġ 

䣡εƲͷȥһۡЦɣŻ˲гˣȻ˻Ϊ߸һרձѵġ 

һ£ǵȥϴ·ۡ 

มյļãġѵûҪҩһˡ 

кҩ 

ߣ뿪֮ǰҪһ°ɡ 

˽ĵ룭Ըڱ֮ᣬȥһ׼ҡ 



16 

տĸðҩϣһ·û 

Ϊʲðҩûԣ˳ҩǲǣ 

ϴ꣬ɳ߳Ϳճһˮһҩϡ 

ûðֺ©κֻǿҩ£ӷŻԭλ˵˳ҩ¡ĴͷȥµСǸԲòã 

ϣϣ¶ЦʱһȡЦŪҲûϵֻҪľͺá 

ղĻ䣬вҪˡ 

ֺ𣺡㶼˻չԼǡٿʧںȻ 

ס 

˫־ͻʣ 

ûɣ 

ΪԼΣ 

˵㣬һļͿƲסԼƢᵣķĸð񻯣̫Ժ˾ȻԼĽЦǷ 

ڵҰɣıʵ 

ϻյԴʵ̲סֺ⻹Ҫ˵Ǳǵ˦ˣ 

͵͵һۣ˵ɫѿˡ 

աûϴˮ衣ϴ¶Ȳ֮ǰͣβˮͷϣֻҪǬͷƢ 

Ϊʲϲ˰ 

㲻Լǿһ㣿 

ǲбŰ 

е㲻Լ˯ˣ̲סλҧһڣԼ˼ҾˣȻĶһȥ˵һˣ뵽λŵˡݸˣ 

һҧйһ¡ 

ͷϵ 

Ҫջҡ 

ջ󣿣ɵƬ̣Ȼ޹ġԼҲջ˵ıǮ 

ǡر׵úֵá˵Ļ͵Ц 

աȥϴ裬ȻᡭҪ㡭òãڳԵɤˣû˻ش𣬷תͷԡҵķ 

ԡҵţ˫Ĺڵϣ˫ַԡϴ̨壬һգӳһȺƻ𡭡 

Ȼأ 

ĵģԼҿ˺ܾáܾá 



17 

ûɣ 

ȣȻ󰮣 

죭ܾܾ 

֮˷ܵĲѪԼԳѪϿȥԡţ 

飭 

ţץϵԡڵϣϽץԡΧסص㲿λõἱոòǳԻӼʹò 

תһ룭԰кҩûҷţҲһԡҡ 

벻ʮ𼱵׼ջˣΪˣˣ 

ԡҵţյ۾һ漴ı˴أԻͷת 

ղ˷κһʱ䣬ֶԡϴȥ׽סĽţԼ¡ 

ϵˣˡ 

ղյƣȻȵĿˡ 

̵ѸȾκ죬ŻŻŵĿҪؿڣպȵ䴽סġ 

š˺ܼ˱סͷţ˫ڷ̵ƣҷӦԴΪΪʲᶼ֪֪ԼҲҪ 

ʪȵĴȫӱһʶ˲֪°Oߣ˻ȵĴǱù˽һ̲סг˵ 

šе˽һòĻ档 

 

ʱ׿ӣʵĽгմļ¿Уеʧصͳ顭 

ף͡Һ֤ϲһϲޡһ̾춿ԷõȣһͷȡռͦԼ˵ڣ 

ӣ䴽ھĿҧĽʹǲϧ 

νģҹҪեǬ˵ľʹްķй 

Ƶʹӡһӿ˺ͷӯˮʪ˫ۣؼջ䣭 

ʵĴ󴲽Ǳ˵´µԶ˵硭 

ҵײɢ˷˼꣬ʮָĴĬĬܽҹʹ࡭ 





ϻ˶ӣӷڵǸ˸Ūˡ 

Ǻǡ¶ġɵࡻַǲģ۵ζӯġȵһ죡 

ÿһ춼ܹ§ӭ糿ĵֻҪ飻ڹ˾ϰ࣬ȥƻгˣ£żʰо֣Ҫҹʧˡ 

ʣľ˰磽⣬Ȼʧߡ˯ó볳 

ڣȥ͸ˇվԱȷ̫ˡȻСˣ´ߵ¹ȥһ·ôˡ 

Sizeϣ·ʱ򣬶˵·ֿţҲã֮ѷᡭϵЦ⸱Ա˿Ҳ˰ɡ 

˲֪ԼЦͺˣΨзͶѡ 

ЩҪҪҪ÷ûͻȥҹúŬšڷϡ֡һյɹġ 

մϾӼf뿪˰ȻȥɵһЩʽͣʳ˳ڲϣʱˣ 





ˡˣ 

˭ƻ飬ȥҲ֪ҵݡ 

տţȻ 

һһա 

簡գ𰡡յװʡƶûųܺõӡ 

硣İҲȵĶк 

Ʋϰˡ 

գûг㣿øļͷۣǿ˲øˡ 

ϻȺ˸Ǵġͼ죭ϱ 

գЩ·Ҫģȥϡ 

ȥ˵˯㲻Ҫȥ 

ᱦûӱˡԴ 

ŲֻҪӹúãյϱģľˡ 

˭ܵԼĶÿʧߣΪ顺ءÿ绰ӲͣǴ·̼ңȻǹ˾ݴ绰ԹյƢܼͨͨȥǺơ 

ǡӷϱӣ춲Ϊ顺ܿࡻɵҲΪ˵ڵİѡ 

ۼķղϵĺۼٺ١øúҸɣƯ촽յĶ˵Ļ㷿ġš漤鰡ҿϲġأûи˵ 

˵ʲ᣿ 

ղ⣬ԴԵøļϣ˰ɣøҲδ̫ˣ˵㣭ҰѰ˵֪ء 

ǣ˵СӺܵСøˣ²ˣȥעø׶ڶ˼ҷŵ簡 

֡ծ͸͵Цˡ 

Ͽ֪ö˩˵ϲ 

ȻЦˡҪ˵жǡյһЧЩ۲ùߣ˵ֻŤ 

գóԣģ̽ҡ 

ǰأǲ˼Щ̰ 

ѽǲٶˣյϱɰء 

ԭջ³֪ӷſ˳׼ǽζĳͣǿһĨЦɵϣ 

ˣĿĵʲ᣿ 

˵ʲĹܼң㲻ӶҲ 

ǴҪϴй 

ƣһǾͺȡ 

Ʒûǲǣ 

ã 

岻ɣŪţһܡͲ١ɣ 

ˣ 

ˣ׳ˣ 

ϲ˭ƨ¡ 

ࡣƨɺʹɫ԰ף岻ʡòҧϣĸƨ¡ʹˣ 

ջ˵³ã 

һʣ 

һҲ 

ǳȷĲƭֵԼû£ǡǮһѴһĸǸߵġࡻ 

ൣ¶˹ػǣദᣬһж档 

ͷϸǰ˿̻İϣװȡʹ˼ 

˿̣һҲʹ 

ɫÿƺһȺ˵ţ㳳𣿡 

ûһȺ˵ɫ΢䣬ﺬʳȴ˵ʲᡣûûСûһΪȻģȴεҪ˯ȻҪ͸ԣû뵽³ 

Լסһʱ䣬Ȼ³ѧϰȷúã˶Բ¡ΪŪ΢ҵķϸɫ̫о˵æвͺ𣿡 

áΪʲһֱĳգ 

֪Щ᲻̨棬ҲûձԹѳԡ 

ѾҪˣտҪຣ 

̲סĵԹ𣿡 

תͷһȺ̻ʵİǣƤ˻ҪӺȣ̣ˡ 

תͷҪһûԣڶӺöͿ𣿡 

㲻Ұ˾վ֪ҪͶȻĸԸΪκ¡ 

һԱ߿ȫһȺŮˣŲԸﱻˮζһȽ죬̰ϵζ벻ء 

ոδǸ˵裬ڿȥҪ·ˡ 

ˣЦÿģ԰˵ǿҶӸϱ 



18 

ø磬᲻죿ࡡøڸ 

ָ۰ 

ڳſڿ°Ͷˡ֮ǰԶڹû취øԵһ棬Ƹ˵СϢͿˣ۽硣ǣǲС 

ֻϧûøΪЦ޵ 

һҪøͣǹûĸƶߣٺ١ 

㲻ҪҧҵԲ˵ζֲǽҵָߣ°͵ȥˣһͰ 

ûԼĵˡԴԭµġ 

ιιΣ̶ܴħԣ˸աžİѹظϣƲˡ 

ɣղùڳˣԲˢˢӡ 

ζ᲻̫̣ʻܴΪû취̻ô˵Ҫġ 

ĳ̻ 

ֻ͡ѣҪ 

룻͵ԶĴܹʮˣǸһ¡ 

ζոպá 

ø磬ؿζġʳٳԣרҪһȺ˶ǰᱳˣҲöء٩ 

ڷĶɲͣΪڰʾһ𣣣 

ߣ׼ҹԲóѣ 

ҪΪ죬ˡ 

ദĻСߡڣ 

һɱ֮ķѵѲʢȻɫ 

ม 

˻𣬷װʢյתվڳſڵ壬ȥϡ 

ֽУιǿҮֲСܡ 

˵ǡ 

һɣ֪ձЩɲʾĻƢҲãøһײ 





һæͥԼ˲ˮ׼ңյıֿ⼫ˣͻۡ 

գͲſȥš磻ûк˻ؼΪãΪһϲ 

⡺šʱȺŮȥͣ鷿Щ¡¡ 

󲿷ʱ䶼˵еĲɣƮȻ˼ȫȥϣת䣬ξ 

ߵᣬվſһȺ׼ңҹûߡ 

Gĵ̾׼ĸá·Ƕ֪Ҫ뿪ˣЩ·ߣֻմһ· 

𣿡յǵʡ׿ԵñƽҪ԰׵ɫҹ͵Ľ 

˵ͷ 

е㲻ᣬʧ˿˯ûСʱۻˡմߴٵϴȥϢ 

Ҫ˯һͫӯĵסǰˡ 

ˣƺûеĻš 

һ֪ѾĸԸİԼɣ 

ò⣻ȴ 

᲻ұֱʲ鶼ãŪļҵƷ 

ף˵ɵ 

һ̨ϴ»ʲᣬŪˡֱŵ鶼ãǱ˵㡣Ĵ 

ûע⣬ˣǱŻӷĹ͵ЦɣΪҲϲ 

Цˣޡ 

ѵûô 

ˣῴūΪңôҲ˯˺һʱ䣬˵Ժúûζ 

ߣ˳ɰѺͨͨ˵ȥѹ˼鷿ûŵݡ 

ڿ￴ӵ塭⣬иҹյĴȥװɣ 

װûµ˵ﻹпˣȥե֭ģξԲ᱿ֱţкҩĥɷۣһҲ 

תȥûȥˡ 

򿪱䣬óһȣصΪģ˵ʲϲ֭ݡ 

֪ƻҲֺһ¡ 

Gɵϣ˸Ͳϲ᣿ 

͵͵ȥ۽ǵᣬɲϣģһƬҩˡ 



19 

֭ȥ֮ͱոϽȥطʱʮˡ 

վڴطִϵ۾Ȼʣ㻹û˯ 

£˯ 

תȥ͵ЦΪղطģȵҹ˶˯ᣬ뿪ҡ 

ջǻصˣ˵û㣬˯ϴ 

Ⱥȣͳֹΰɣ˵û˯ޣøϿϴȥů¼ŵġ 

̫̫̫Ӧˣ 

ķŷһڷؿչء岻ȥϼұ˵磻Ϊ˴֮òȥļ䣬ǼһĻܶ࣬׺Ҳͦػ˺ü˲ǽһģ˷ʱ䣡 

·ѵ÷ɿ죬ϡ̾˴ȥӵˡ 

óԾ⡢ÿġ죡Ҫ÷ûͻȥָտɴ 

䣡˱֡ 

漴ɫһʲø˵ģ 

ֻǷڹ֭кҩյЧ岻ܸգ 

ŻطƷߣҧҧתһЦˣĻ 

ࡻ˯ΣһΡһСһ񣻷ԼǱĸþ˯ 

λƵĵƹ£𴽰ЦĻģĵԼҴϿ˿ɵ 





աǲǡҪң治ջˣ˵áˣֻҸضȥ 

ɵɵĵͷ 

漴˫۷ֱһٿҪ̫̫̫ˣ춼󰮣һԼᵣķܲסɣջ󣻸̸ǰ˫¿㣬ߵƻĿ˶ȼճһԡ 

ޡطա 

죭Ȼ캬ס 

ԭɣƨʹأֻ˶ΡûŪʹհɣ 

ƺߡ͵һۣϵıеʹ֮⣬ֺܡ 

ƺϲݷܵ˹裬ŬȡöԷǵøӲ󡭡캬ס 

ճϰ̧¶գʪۣ΢Смһ͸˿ߡɿΪ֮񣬺ȣ 

 

ƵͳɤԹԵӡ 

еɵˡձú࣬۳Ҫˡ 

˫һ§뻳òԾ 

ﲻԾ 

ֻ֪ĺûšҡı̫ˣⲻСҪջҡһ 

̫ʵˣ 

ദһ꣬ĸԺôҲߡ˳ҡɵϣΪʲͻȻת飬Ϊʲᡭ 

ʣǰҲתҺȴǿԼȡҡ 

ҪǿɷµҪȻҲҪֵת䡭 

յüͷšеĻֹס˱ø޲ýѪ 

յÿҪΪʲȻֹͣȣ 

δ磽⣬ګګʣ㲻ϲҸղŵǲǣ 

ϲҲϲ˵ìܵĴ𰸡 

ܴһȡ˶ 

ˮۿƿˣȻȥ˫ȴǽ˵ı̰Ҫռס֡ 

ԼƤľٶʲ˰ 

һʲᶼˣѵ 

˫һ˵ļ򣬡˯ˣòã 

ҧá 

뿪ϣȻԼ´ȥˮ裬ûķץѾ˫Ƶ·ӯ 





˯һʱˡ߲ߡ 

˳ȵĺϢڶϣƲͷȥȻ˻ʵ֣С˵Ļ 

ѽҪߵƷԼ֤շһֻڣͬ¹ĳԿ׷һ𡣺ǣ̣ԶȴƵ͵͵ȥ 

еĶڴ£ſڵ̺ϣ̳ԼİûƷտգȥա 

̧ͷ˯еˣɵ̾һĸ㣬ҪˣҲҪ 

ĽһЩڴأմȥףֻ͵ռһСˣ˵ĺεúǬûʹ촽 

ҪߣŲҪʲֲᣡҲԼۿͨͨ˫ϥڵһֱ 

֮ᣬʶԼڸﰡ 

ֲǹˣ 

ˣԴֿհף˸£ 

뿪֮ᣬӻЩĺô᲻ٵūšƷǵڶôҪһȹ 

˳Ǹĵһȹ񡭡ൣԲûϢԼ֮ᣬȻվȥţ 

ԡң 

׳հֲϴġ̫ϰˡ 

ϰߡϰߡ 

ǰȾ̫ϰߵĶϰϰΪϰ߸һϰ࣬ϰһؼңϰߡϰǰûţ뿪ϰߵסҡ 

ͷһֻһۣ˫ֶסˣ漴һԼӣԼ˷򡭡߻ȥ 

ڳʹһ˺ȻķĳͣԺĳλ 

ѹ³ӵңԵԥжûԼĳˣ 

ö 

̥û 

᲻;ê 

ãȻ˳棬Ŵ˵һȲ֪˱ǰô죡 

ţ 

Ȼ졭ʲ£ 

Ͻ³ͷǰһţˡ 

ײ˻ԵˮשǽŲ󷿴ţǧҪ˸ѡˣ 

ԭ˯ڴϵġࡻػˣɢһţûŴȴˣǡһһˡ 

ûȥײʲᣬΪѸȾˮһֱ벻Ѿǰˡ 

մ𣭣ʲ᣿ 

ϴ̵ĳͷһתڳҪĴ·֮ǰٽɲסѿ׾ǰһ鳣ıķŭ 

ɵһӣѾ˳űߣļԶ˵ʵҹҪȥ 

̧Ұ׵жˣµǸղŲײաͲһ㡭Ķˡ 

Ǵʲãȫð΢ʪս̣Ĵҧַţҧݶ˵Բ𡭡ҰˡףҸ 

ҧͷһ˦һȣʹ߲Ȼ˦գӴ뿪ļҡ 

Ӱ˻ΣȻվԭɵˡ 

ʵںղ˵ʲ᣿ 

ˡ 

ףҸ 

Ȼص˦ˡˡҪˡӼˣ 

ģ£ 

ȭͷ˲ֱײ˵ʹķοҪըĴ𣭣 

ף𣭣壭ʲ£ 

أ 

Ͱϣûŭ֮һ߿ԡҴţѣ 

ţ嵱ʧɫ˲ˡ 

ֵĸ߼סլͨͨڵƻ 



20 

֪ӼˣԤг棭浽û 

ԹԵĴʵԷ˵Ļøûֻɫѡ 

հ徾ϼұҹϴ󡻹ܻҲûְ壬ʹΪʲ̧ŷһߣ졸һ޴ˡ 

¥·ʲ£ 

˽ԴӴƵӿ¥¿鿴˲Ҳըͣǡգ 

û˸ҿ䣬ֻǿŭΪĴ 

հ˸Jɳϣ»һʼ˶ƵĹ֮⣬¥еϴҲһܡ 

ȫİø磬Ҫ¥ʮ㣬۵ȥĻжʮ¥ÿ¥ļ乫ʩ͹˾ڲ˵Ҳһٶ䡭һȥ飿岻߼ȥǬǬ 

ֲǵɳְӼְ˿̣ΪͶɫ 

Գ˺fûٶ࿴һۣеԿףʵ÷⣬ģ 

֪ʲᣬԭǲ벻ġ֪Ҫ 

ԭ첻Σǿ֪̫Ѿˡ 

Լ뿪ˡ̾ԺĻǷһۣޣɵϣ 

壬ñܹҵһ㡭Ȱѻ˵ˡ 

밮ԷͬȵӣӷΪܲɷֵļ밮ˣʧȥ鲻Ǳ˿ġ 

졭ʲ£ 

ʱøȻһ棬ɱݺݵһ٣ҲҪøײϡ˶ھ 

͵˵ˣƵõĸȻò֣ҺƾҪһƳ⡣ 

֮ǰ跽ϲ㣬ⷻȰ㿴ҷɣҲϲ㣬Ϊǻһ۵һ𡣽Ƕûϵݱ 

ھεҪͨͨԶڹµѵܣƳʲ⣿ 

ӱƳˣ 

ңȥˣ鱻ȥŮ˵ĲҪȥɣ 

뵽ʹģǳʲᶫӣ 

Ϊʲ˶û£ΩƨɶƤˣ 

ϴɳ𣬼 

̾˿ЩæڣҪȥһ 

ĺܻš˿աһ⣬ʹ 

ĥ˵ıҴˣ 

տԼײһ֣Ǵ𣭣İ˦ˣ 

գˣԲ֪˺£ƴƲ裬ˣʲݱ 

ճƲ˵ֹҵ¡ŭҧתߵſͣ£ͷҲûصķŻ裬ô绰Ʊ̫˾ȥ𡣡 

У˾ŻнյĹģû㱾¡ͷ߷ˡ 

ӺһС˾ʱͽ˾ɽյĹģ˼弯ŵġϴ󡻡 

û˭ľӪҵպá߶ͣЩ˲нյķɻڴ 

˭мյףǰΪҵҹͣʮĹһ 

ÿûfֵ˹ǹһǰעˣΪ顺񡻣Ϊİð 

˭ȥôⷶûӿɹΪԱСӸ˵˽֪ġɲ֪Ƕ˲ 

˵ƻС°첻ͣء 

ս˵һ䣺ĥбˡ 

˿ͷҲص뿪ϼұⲻ֪ռʻĿѰңע·ͣġܵĳϣܷһͷ복βѾײйŸ 



գĳʮ·ڣղ֪˶ãݵĺʱΣƣ۵ſڷϱĿ񣬵ȵ촫ߴ̵ƵУ 

ѡת·Ѱȴߵĵ·ϣһйŸêڰ;һĳΪûעѿȼͣ 

˵ǰٹмվȷ㲵վ˰æʻĺɫʿγ֮ǰ뿪վ 





ңԼѡ 

Һãѱ֮˵һȹˣܱ·ߵһ˹硣 

һҹû˯۾ףڳȦķϣ治ϰİСԢխС¥ݼڶסҵЬЬҲźãϰ 

ÿλصҲŲЬѡҶȥȥὫµȥԡҵϴźáЬӵˮһĨ֪Լֿˡʣ 

˺˸Կ׿ŽԢȥΪ뿪֮ᣬԴЩɶ͸ˣ˺ʧ꣡ 

ȥʲᣬ˼˫˫أɵ϶ģԴտյĿбС˷Ǯٲһ㣬Իɶƶ 

Ԣֻм򵥵ļҾ㣬֮ǰסرŲںסģں 

οԼûϵģѾ˿̻İϣֻҪ۾ͻḡֳԺһˡ 

ҰοᣬϵĿڴףݵԿأ 

￪ʼ뵣ģ̶ַٵÿİеĶ̳ٻλεĿѧŮ˷УʲᶼˣΩ©һԿסİ 

ŬѰ䣭벻ˣκӡ󡭡 

һʾգйͿһȹ޼ҿɹ顣 

ֲ̫̫סҪȡñԿ׻ô绰֪̫̫ͨһֻж绰뵽ֻˣ𡭡ա 

Ǵֻ᲻е绰졭ջ᲻ 

գ˦˦Դҧ̫ˣ 

ڸȥȻᵽȥΪԼҪճƷǾſڼǸˣԲûˣ᱿ 

мҹ鲻ã˰ջǰգ߽߱ϵĶͨͨյ·Ū塭ֻ˽·óۺãû·һע⣭²ȿղ¹Ԣ¥ݣ 

˫ַǽڣˡ 

ÿ¡նӰ̫ˣʱ֮ݡ 





˭׼ݿȽģӴվѹȸ˲ 

ҡ 

ګګ˵ղͷĺ϶˳ȥĻ˵ڶ顣 

鹵ĵ֪ϰƢ춷ǳȶ״̬ʱпܽ˸ڻҡŵò㽫ȴ򷭣˫ֶ˼뷴Ӧϰֺ˾䣭 

̹ 

մ򿪻ҵŽ˺˳ȥûκ˺ÿ 

أһ亹˭Ҳû˵ϰƢԲעȥȵף׼¡¡˶Ĥ 

ֻͨҪСĲϰеʹƵϴڰȫΧ 

ϰ嶥Ʋһſ˶ѣ鷳 

¿εڰ°ûεǧ򲻿ݿΪϰëַˡطǳʧߡ 

ĸϰ˻ڹ˾ҹʮſ뿪 

Ϊ˯ϰġҩ֪ʧȥˣûҵǲָġ 

Ǹӣ˲ǳ 

ȥ¥ᣬȻҪ˰ɣ 

ϼܼǶ´ڼû˵Ҳûˡ 

ŭ˳ȥ¼ʼеĻ鲻ûеӸʣϰҪȥģ 

ֻص칫ңİ칫λãαһף˹ȥץ״ϱǼüšֽһѾı 



21 

ø磬ѾȥⷽԲ֮ڵ޳˵֮ûһͷ복βйŸȥ 

ûػʵ޷ȥԭ¡κ棬Ѿûȥˡ 

һۣ˦ͷԽ¥ڡ 

ھ֣ĸᣬֵ֮仹˵ʲ᣿ 

ճ̸ҪĹ£˭ҲԸᡣ 

Ŀǰһع½ҵصûյľӪһѹ˾˻ϵҲȥ̸£¾棺ȥɧȺѱΪܾ 

أ 

ǰǳĸ̬˵ʮ¥㣬ʼΪ֪ļ 

㵽ײȥˣǳĺ𡣷ƵΪẦˡ 

ຣ 

ûһõøԭ¡㻹Ͽ֣һᱻ㺦 

ǳյ˵꣬ǿʼÿй£ 

糿ֻҪϴҵġ͡ῴһǳŵˣĪŭ͠һзˡ 

Ѿά£ֻưͳԻп˵ȴ³ַһ߿ĳţ 

Ĵʧ뾪У 

һ˲ 

¿ӵ˿ûɵ̧߻ţæָһ߳⣬ǳ侲ıƲʲܵľš 

ƽ͡˵ҲǷҴˣҲߴš 

ԵúɵĻӦ֪ 

ţ֪ͺáž͸Էһ⡣̬˦ͷ뿪岻ŽӶʲ᣿ 

̬ 

 

ȥվӣƵļӡָۣˣ˦˶⡭ 

ɫһ޷ʵ 





ɵϡ 

ÿվʲã 

͠͵գ˼˫˫ɿۼˣʲڷΪ 

ȻΪʲỹ 

ÿϰ඼ˢһӵĿΰϰľ棬ÿµȫڽ𶼿۹ˣһЩ֧ѣ˶·زص¥мķͷȥ͵Խֵ߽˾¥һӹ̡ 

ĿסԽִ¥ĳڣݷ˻ȻһӹŷͣԺӰ 

֮ȥΪ֮ѣ΢忿ǽ棬ѡȻԼҪˣֻܡ 

죬׼ʱ˹ԢͻڴȸԾ˵һ̵٣һ˳˼û֣벻ѹ͸ֱӳϲʱĨȥǡȻʧ߷ΧĴʹĸоҲϮ 

һҪһزŸģոһյոһյߣ 

ֻ׳ղŻִ£ 

㲻ͽˡ 

±ɵϡҧԼǴòɾҩ 

ãȻһƬʧ˻ֻ꣬Ȼȥͣڵķ򣬡ͻǣ˶ûӦӵǳ 

ιǰ׳հ·ῴ· 

 

̯һ̨뿪ǰüͷӵվȥƹ𻵵ĳͷ򿪳ţʻϡ 

̯˵ĶԣҾǰ׳ղŻýҪٵ 

ӿ·ָԼ᲻ˡ 



˱Уͱϰ㣬صԢȻһʧ˽ۿ컨壬޷Ӧ 

Ժ˼ȴδֹͣ 

ɶûƺʲᶼã벻ȶûǮȥҪ¹ 

㺦һֱ㡭㺦ġ 

ͷµж绰µԴȾˮʣʹˣûһֱ˵ĵ绰룭 

ֻֻͽͨ绰ͷϤƺǳеĺӣ 

öԷѻ˵͹ϵ绰 

漴ϵԴֻؿڣʱʵ 

ʡ㾹Ȼ绰ûС 



22 

ĵ绰 

Ǵ 

ǻ 

ĵĵ绰ʾղŲΡĲΣȻĹֻѻ˵ּ꣭սе绰زԷȴ˵ûѹػ 

ȣΪʲ᲻͵ĻᣬڵúķѶȥԼˤõ绰ָڷףֽ̧̣绰ڶϣ˫ۣỽ 

šüδչ¹ȥˣúòã 

չԼΪʲ᲻ȥ޳Ϊæûʱ䣿ûǮ 

ǵһѵò⣬ԳǣҶǵĿ࣬Ϊ㡢סڡ㡢ʲᣡ 

ġߵһջӿ˰칫ϵĶйߣһ˲ļ鲣ǼҲ̶ġ 

Ϊʲ᲻ȥΪʲ᲻ʹҸĽ𿨣ǴİҼ𣿡 

ķҵҧѪոһյѹֻѹֵ͸֪Ķܹһġôһҵ㣡 

ֻһѲ֪ǴԿףŴ𣬻ǹԼĳԿ״һ𡭡ĪҪҰȥңĥ 

ոӲ¶һĨЦǡȰɣȵҲ޷ܹʬͻһҼȥҡһĴҪ 

ֻջǰڴߵشǰСĳн־иеǳԼҪ̾ɥʧǡ 



⣭ 

ֲϰ巢쭣Сʵ˭ҽȥʰ 

³칫ڵľ޴һȺˣңĲҡͷ˭Ҫȥ 

ֲǻòͷˡ 



ҵһݹҵܾ֪ͣιյ¼ 

ڵְλܾ飻Ӵ˷ÿϰǰǰѳͬλͣţվͬķ͵˼ĺˡ 

ȻԳٵûֻյξ棬˲ȫڽ¹ᣬѳӿ޳ 

Ҫά޼죬⼸춼ţɵɵȣ 

ȴûг֡ 

ȥ 

òǸһ 

ǧ򲻿ԣﰡ 

Ҫȥɼ١ӣôҲҪȵ˲ſȥ 

ʡİǲǣ 

һǰĵˣˣ 

˯ãҲˣ˵ʲᡭ 

ǴƷ̸ִ𰸡 

Ȼ޹ʣȻ߳СĴ¥ֻÿܿһҲá̰ĵġ 

ûΪʲҪʧķУ 

֪֪ҡ͡ڡ⡢ȡ㡢֣ 

þȫйˣⲻ֪˾ŻһЩ·ˣ 

ֱĪ 

ڵ˭ 

ͻȻе˺һ 

·˺Ķ࿴һۣŸˣǱ˦ˣ 

˿㲣ˮˮͫᡭ 



 

һȺ֮еջһͣ²춺̵Ƶڵʱ 

ղǻ𡭡ɣʵ춶 

ǲǾڸ 

շĴѰڸ 

ֽǣҶǵ˵ 

Ѱ˵ĽǸƵҪٷԵͻأ̶ǣѾ̵ˣ 

̾һһȻᱻемİȫϽ˲á 

˿̣Ƿڸˣ 

ղ˵ԼһֻǻþʧκλᣬеĶݾ룬еȫһ·ڡ 

ٴηѰİ·ˣûзӰӡռȰε˲ҲƲס˻𣭣֣ 



ʹף˫էȻסĻعͷں 

 

໳¡¡˻𣬾ǱɵԴҲûϵ˫΢죬ɵĶǰϤĹ˾¥ʱ䵹תص 

ȻǸɵϣ 

ʵֲ֣Ψ׳Ƶĵȣܹȵʲ᣿ 

ȡʹ˼˸û֡ 



˼˽һ֣ãȻ·ߣ̾һ֮ᣬճ˾ȥ뿪˴֮ľ뽥ֿңԶ 



23 

ˣȻٵʮӡ 

Ǹ˵Բ𡭡 

һ򲻹˽µܾȴͻȻʵҿÿϰ඼ûʲᾫĪǼ﷢ʲ𣿡 

ûСԼһס 

Ȼ֪дͥ״Ψһڼǰżˣμӹ񣬻һݴ 

ڻйһ֮ԵûӡǡеԺ 

ۿ˿ǿ޹ĺۼᣬʧˣ 

š 

ƺҪ̾һ㲻شûϵʧ̬ö˽⡣ 

ûϵ 

ʧˣϲ˲ϲҡ 

ԭˡɫ˲Ĵ㵣漴ָֻһ侲˼˵ҿһ𣿡 

ܾƽ䵭䲻࣬Ƕ˺òʲҪʣ 

̹׸ңϲĶ˰ɣ 

ȣ֪ѵÿ˼һ˵ΪѾԵһ¾У 

Լգǡ˵һɣ 

еݸչֵЦ÷ƴˣԷǳ侲Цĺÿ 

֪ΪҸһҲϲˡ 

ţͻرûʱɵ 

ϸˡ 

ʣ˵һɱҲеҪӵ۸һ£᲻ 

ûеġѹ֣޷G 

е㵣͡Ƿʲ£ 

Ϊʲһÿ춼ʧ꣬һƴҵҲŹ 

὾һˣȴϷȥˣѡˣǲǣ 

뵽Լ糿ߣİȻʶˣ֪˭ðһ⣡ 

һ·ļ򣬡ϲ˷ʲ£ȥ˼Ұɣѻ˵ûˡ 

ûõġǸŵĵߣóڱ˸ĴƷң뿪ˡ 

е㻵۵Цǡ벻ѲһӷŲߡȥҵʺΪֹ 

Ұˡϻһ䣭ã 





ӲͷƤŶ룭 

һеĿԼĿסһ֮ø翪ʼ֮˵鷳 

ࡣƣڹռĹλã᡺˥ 

Ҳưһ 

˺յ˺һݺԼݣҿûӦͣǿյؽЩӰ˵Ḷ̌ùбķʽóɱ٣ģ 

Ͱռ˵ܹռ2600ƺĽҪǳ80ҵ¥㲻ȥõĹ˾ʲṫбķʽ֪ûûĵΪҵ˽յĵزںʲСǮ 

ĬĳΣ 

ø϶߳£ʵȴڷйԹŭ 

һۻ룬ᵽʹգĥԼ԰ںĶһԸ⸶κδۣ 

ĸԷǳڼֻյǰͷøҵӪɫȻн졣 

ζƢܣ춳е㲻⹫боҽ̡ 

áȥ 

ԸԼʵһֱȥıͻأ鷳սȭͷһ鳣˳ȥ 

ߣŹϵɲǣ˭Ȼɫתشǰšüľʹ 



ղһͨ绰裬绰תӵİ칫ңտû˵ι绰 

ţſĵ绰һ˲ˤ棬Ѿʱֹͣ 

߹绰Բ𡭡ţҾǡ 

Լ̸ʱ䡭õģһ׼һݸĿллֹ˾ϣ˾ 

ĵ绰ϡǣ׶Դ绰ǰ﷢ 

˵˵Ƣ̫ãǰ˳Ǳտİɡ 

ŵû궼ûˡҡ춻ָ 

ĻŻŻŵ޷ɣûɣ 

մ绰 

˻ػûУ 

ʵʲ£ 

ǵ¸г̶ţΪиҪԹ̸¡֪𣿡 

á 

ǹ˾˳õԼŻͬаɣһ󹤳ء 

˵һֱ룭û 

ӦĵľȻһУһǡ˵ˣŻþ 



Ǵˡٺ٣ջûͽ֣һƪɡ 



24 

¶ǰףгԣ˯߲˿ɾʣ 

ʲ᣿ 

ˣȲ̽ܳûĵص㡣 

˦ϳŵۿʲᶼ˳ۣس̶ѾԼҸ߼ʿγ̥ȥ 

ҹһصң˯峿ڹ˾¥һͣ 

ͣרΪԱãͽҪչ2600ƺҵ¥ͣλ÷ڱԽһ·Ի˼ӵ﹫˾ 

ձڰȫϵλãһֻһþģһ⸽һǣ 

ΪеĿһϤòϤĻ˼ܵ˼⣭ 

⸽һ׿˾¥ɾǶ档 

ǲ͵ 

д˿ܣ˲𡭡 

Լ²ķֱ֪ǴҷܴȻԡ 

ΪİġҩһԡӢţ 

Լ˾ʱ伸̶Ҫ֮¡ 

һ֧Կף·ס⸽Ҳͣڸ 

ʱþÿ׼ʱߵֵλã 

Ȼͣ½ŲԺܳһ뷨 

ۣλüȿĿ˾¥ſֲױ֣Ǹõص㡣طأ 

Ĭ´˵أռɳݵķ裬˽һСʱ˾ԵĻҹһ飭 

Ѽס·ͣ˼λͣ·мֻè͵꿪ʼӪҵ 

Ȼûʳ 

糿Ľɫһշǳ۵ش¥ɹķ˿̣û˾ѵζ 





 

һģͣеǳ׼ʱ 

ʮӣƵ¥ſڣעԷͬһĿꡣ 

ⲻ֪Ϊٶһ˫󧺬ŭֻۣû̳ȥ˸ 

˲վԭУ 

ɰı춱ˣ 

ʹݾߣˣ֮ľ룬׷֡ 

ȥ£˫ֻأȰɡã⼸ˡȻԵȥ̻©֮㣬ӼңҪʱжྪϲ 

֤ݺһ٣֪ʲּ 

ӲȻӢȴ㹴һĨЦάʮ֮á 

ֱԶԶ˴뿪ոƶ˫ţĵĶ¹˾ܣ벶ȸϷ 

סĹ 

ЩͨͨҪһץأֻܹԹԵĵġš 

պͷ˸һ·ԴͬԼӹᣬĳκ̵·ڣֱڶͣ£ 

Ȼʧ̧ףĳͣڶһСǡΪʲῴյӰ 

̾ԺĻӰ 

ҪȥȷʹǻӰҲãֻҪҪʧ 

ɵɵ˲һ˹ȥֻʣˣƺպӣ 

ԷӣһɷŻһ룬Ѿ廤Ĳȵ˾ڵأ̧ͷ֮ʣͷƿھ 

ιǲҪ˰ 

еȴߵ·˶һĻɵֻǳǰµĳһȭ˶ԷııѪ˾콫Ѻڳűߡ 

ֻ¡¡ĵͺ𣺡ײˣ 

û£ 

תͷһأ 

ˣһ˲ҰɫĳҪѿ˫ɿ˳Ҫȥ˻ 

˾סֱֹۣȥ 

λ鷳ǵ¼ 



¥µԣĿ˾뿪 

Բ𡭡Բ𡭡 



죭 

Ϊ¼š 

ʢۣףһըˣ 



űڰɣҮ춱ͽ֡ǰ׳հдʲǳ顭顭= =!!! 



25 

ž 

˦е鱨棬ĺ𣺡дʲᶫûȥд 

Nܺ޹ϰ忪ʼ鷳µнӺŭ 

ϵ鹶ѡ 

˭Ҫģŭյǻ͡ 

ﾲĬ̧ͷǽϹҵʱӣǢ̡ 

ɢᣡ»˻ҡ 



شľɫҲ˼ˣ˷ǲͬߣҶҪ׼ܹһӣ 

ҪǰɣƵһǡϳһĨЦǳ졣 

Ǹ˵绰ȴ˵ 

Ȼʱʲ·ģ̵ƶ㲻۾ǳȥˣ 

Բ𡭡Ұˡ仰ǿȻû 

һԺȫֻҪû¾ͺá 

ġֻҪû¡ͺáįӰ˰µİ칫ڣտ 

֪֪ڵȣ㰲ȫȫĳһ͵ģŻ㣬Ȼؼҡ 

Ȼ飬ĻʱΣʣµĽеʹԼ𡭡 



ֽдҵĶ³Ϊ˾ˣ֮복һԲ϶֡ 

Ŀ߿֤ 

ŲδյɶӰ죬ֻ֤ʵ󣭣յƢ 

øֻżȻԴտɵɵʲᶼ֪˫ź֮ܵĶ˼Ͷͱȥˡ 

Լ͵ˣɥ·ڣ˭ʬ 

ôҪһڣһȥ͵˼ˡһմӼﵽ˾ĳ̣ÿϸˣСѧѧҪ档 

ϸס󷿸ûвص㣿͵ľٶ᲻ᱻ˷֣ 

߼ĻľֲԼͥԺ·ûаԹ䣬ǽ㵽סȥȣǲˣ 

һ˦˦ԴⷽãֻẦԼץȥΣ˽լᱻؼꣿ 

֪ɲȥԣῴյģ 

졭 

ʱ˿գһʱ֮Խʵ 

ǳɥĿһҲȥ˵鷳Ƿݾɱֽ⼸Ѿ˲100ˡ 

ҪֽյƬΪ˾ϱģԶ 

ֽսһݺԼϣ˺ü֣¸ĹȻӡһݸҡ 

áϣϸģдúȦʡһһ˶ԣһɾ¡ 

ϵݻأ̧ͷǳ˵ȥȽȻȥ¿οʲҪæûҵ׼صҵİ칫ҡ 

Ϊʲ᣿ 

Ҫ̸£㲻ڳ 

壬һ˫ַǴճ˫˫Զԡ춴ϰǷǰ£Ρ 

ѷ֧Ϊá 

ţ֪ˡֻǸнˮԱʲ£һнͺãʡ 

˳ȥ϶˻ȸϣûǰݿȵÿһ졣ʱµҪڣҪ 

G̾һ޻긽뿪˰칫ҡ 

տյԴֻװյӰȫ֪ȿȽ˭Ʒ 



㾡˼˵ʲݣ⡣ǾʶǰΡ 

ι蹫˾Ŀڱãҵ¥бҲй衣˶õǵÿ˲ˡ 

⼸ƢɲźվͿں½һҡ޷ֺŵī֭ȡţڵζҪŲ 

ûı˼Ǻ̾ԴװЩʲᰡ 

ǻζܿ࣬ȴΪ֪𡭡 

Ȼϵıɲÿ۶Ѳءӷɷϴˬ˵˿һСʱҲ̸òˡڣ̸Щ˽⡣ 

̳Ϸǳ侲Ҳд㵵ʱջûҵ¥ĽԸԸ⽻ָֻһ侲֪ǲ𣬲ҵҪ̸ʲ˽£ 

ʳе㵵¡ 

⿧˭ݵģѺȣҲȵ£òһѿĵģѴɱ 

ûζܳʲᶼһûζ 

˻˶ԷһᣬϺԼ飬ʼ̸Уϣõҵ¥Ľ蹤ֻ̣һ 

ʲ 

˵ϣƽǣܼ򵥣ݿȵĿǰסַҡ 

ΪʲҪĵַѵ㲻֪˽˻ܣй©á 

˽÷ͻصߡ 

պǬվŻûкıҪԼȥˣ㹫˾ˣҶ 

žĶºԼ飬˵߾ߡ˶Ϊϱˣһʣɧš 

һ£ʧĺѵǲǣ 

ǳǰսˮ֣ȫÿ񾭣ʵҪʲ᣿г𣿻Ǳӣ 

ֻüں˿˵ҵġҩҳҩ˯һʱ䣬˯˽˰ɣ 

ǣ˽⡣һֻҪǰ˴ȥ壬Գȥ򿪳룬һļݸա 

ȥɣϣҿˡ 

էȻдӣпϲ 

ںԼǩ֡ҲлҪ˵ҲҼ 

һЦ漴ºԼ̹Ȼ˵ҲںԼ£ԽϣѺԼˡ 

Ѹˡ 

ն»ߣִ㵵ԭأԼʲᣭѸ 



ڰ칫ڴ˸磬֪δȥĹ˾Ϊල̽ȣʵΪĽ 



26 

յõַһͨ绰һЩ£ʾع˾Ҳԭ壬ֵϺá 

ԢղͣصؽͣԶһС·ҲԸٶȶ㿪롣 

֮ƺèèصҪ˵ӸıԴͣȻúð 

û취Ƿֿ£İܵסһѴȥٴؼҡǺǡ 

ĻϲԤٶž۵Ḷ́뻨̫ʱѾҵԢط˶һϵַȫѾվڷĹԢſڣ 

ס 

˾¥֣ 

Զȴߡյɫʱңվԭȱȥٻ 

սȭͷ˫磬Ĵҧҧˣ 

׳Ťԭʲͨͨɢһֻ뽫˸ȼճɻҽ 

̧ĽŲ㽫Ÿ߿ȻһԿףԣƿŭ𣭣ģŲ˵ļһ 

ǴˣŰҲ߻˼м 

ס̽ͷιծ˾İǸȥϰ࣬Żصҡ 

ڵ㵽ңò͵ 

͵𡭡 

бвҵȷծģλǷǮǷ᣿ 

ţ˳øߴʵɢĹâ㱻ɱĿſڵˡ项һϽţҶf£Ҳұܵ֯ı 

ߺߣܷŭ룭ծֻǷµծϢǷһ졢һ꣬ϢһȥߣһӶûûˣ 

Ȼ¶һĨܹЦȻ԰Ƿһƨծ˸ 





ףǿģ 

һˣ 

С͵ˣ 

ǷصſڣܳԺĵһ뷨 

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յĶǧ򲻿͵ߣǲǮ⣬˼˵ļ 

ҲС͵ڲڣ᲻ܵ˺һ̳СԢȫվһȻĹš 

ִϵ·ˣĶ˰أȥͷµֻҲûˡ 

ȫˡʣ͵ 

ɶС͵ҵ·ֻס˵Ĵһ 

𣿡 

̧˫ÿҹһ˯·ǰң˫һֻջ·Ǳһȥ˭· 

ֻҪҪ 

ȻҪֻģܱĶ 

ǵҪвԹҵ绰˺ܰԵ˵ҹ绰ͷһˣ 

㡭ûԴʶյڹԢ 

߿ʼעǰһӰڻ谵ĹɽŽŲ޳ȲŲţᶨһŲǺȴܸӲϣţ 

գȻһУСųOͣ·ֻˡ 

ɵˡƲƲ죬ߡ 

ģƿޣһľˣһ̯ˮůůġģЩ΢Ĵʹ 

᲻ˣְִܲޣ۸ʹԼ 

һйѾõŭûڣˡˣ 

ӰϵĶֶϴתȥ˼ѾõӣĴָĨȥǲ۽ǵˮĽƣԴѹԼؿڣͬʱһҲסʣ˻ϣʵĸоֻ㣬Ҳ㣬ܵΪͳɤ˵ĻҺãڻ谵֪Ҳð 

𣿡գգʪۣǲΣ 

ġ˵ʵš˫һգüšصİ⡣ӵģ 

ԢļҾª¹·٣ҲûгͲԸо˲١ˣǮԼһ㣬׵һ 

˵Ǳĥģ 

ԸϧķѾõǰģ﷢ľˣֻܻ֮¡ 

ձأģŵŲζϵˬϢ 

׵ָڽס˵װף˱ƵҪԲ˾ĺ 

۾ˮŪ·ϡպ˵ޣѿҪʧء 

ȷС㱿ˣƭˣˡٿޣͰȥ޸룬Ѿǳݵ·ӡ 

ԼΪΪ屻˒Oϴ¾ͱǸ⣬ů˫ڼƣʪȵĴڵȡԭͲԴΪʲֿΪʲҵʵ¡ 

š 

һתȻʶƮʣõĻ𻨱ųǰܿͷų顣 

գɵۣ˴һ˫˵ͫסڻ谵֮ȴԿ۵ײزס 

Ȼʲᣬ˫ֻס˵ĲաҪҡ᲻ԵһֻλãϣʵĴڡ 

áס죬˴ҵľһ챻ˣֿ֮áĥˣ 

ķֿȣһٽᴩڣ 

ݺסС췢ƺߣץסıץһ㣬ĲҪ֣Ϊǲûһ 

˴ֿ̲סУաʹ 

ʧ˿˻鳷УԵɿ֣£ֻûбˡ֪𣿡 

ҧš˫ֽסˣ˱Ȧ˵ĻλεԵռӶᣬʹȴ𡭡 

Ϊ֪Ҳϲ 





дǻһ±߸ˡٺ١Һ + +!!! 

ƪҸ˾úҮǾأ 



27 

˼ᣬȺֺµվǰ̧ͷյɫԲÿ 

˿̷ǳìܵԼûû˵ʱҪ˿̡µҪһĻŻŻŵҸضԼҲϰµ㷲 

ǲǣ 

£ 

ǡֻһƣˣŪѡ 

ֻ룭 

ʲø˵ģƲյϵϸ˵ݡ˷ֿʱ䣬㲻ޥĶˣֻҪץȥ˾ˣ˳˵仰ĿĲǣ 

ֻǸܵūţ˭ϲ˺úź 

ϲɣղڻ谵У۵ӯ̵סء 

£ֻûбˡ 

ող˵˵ƭƭ壻̫ˡ 

ҪʵԼһǴ˵ҪϲŮϲıҲûС 

û֮ǰһȡ˵ʱ򶼱 

г֮ҪߡƷ 

ɣһ˾һУͷˡˡܲҪҪռޣԼˣ 

ҧ´ѵԼй㣬˭˵ǮŮ˵רʣҲ 

ǬС͡ˣ 

ڿˣֻ·ǧߣΪ˶˼ˣС͵Ҫã 

ջ᲻ͽι 

ĵҪվΡΡֱúϲȥη 

ȴûɬĺ죬ǵĽͷø͡ 

ʲŵˮ齽ϨһӻûǸΣȼֻС𣬼ǻԭһʰյ⡢ʧõ˶ٰ 

ӼңһĶ㵽ȴߣŰ⼱ߣøȻǬˣһͲʧˡ 

ţ˿춿̧ͷ৵ıҰףĲ²󣬡㡭ġ 

д˴㡣 

˵࣬װڵÿᣬ˲ῴΪԵ͵㲻㣿 

ÿ͵һӶѣɲԲҪƽ̫ࣿ 

ԹһۣתشȥΪġεʱɲҪ֤һ顺ࡻ 

ɵϣȻ˯ǳյʱ򻹿Բһͨ绰յɲҪû뵽治֪ûв 

ʱ滹һ󣭣ϣܹ̽ࡻ 

һѹĵͫˮ壬ӽն˿ܰɷ˵߰ɣҸȥ֡ 

ȥָ 

պ㵵ԭأ߼ʵ޷ȥ⡭ 

ǸղֲѲɣỹҪȥд¼ 

ǲǸдһѡ֡ 

ȣԴЩʲᰡ 

㡢ҡءƢ˻ݶƵˡ 

Žűߵľͷˣӹ֪ҪֹͣҲָʱԹĶıߣ 

ĵģҲ˻ȥ㡢ǡᡢסɡ 

ί 

գգ۽ޣͷһˮ⡭ 

ʼ˵ΪĵıƲԣֻҪȫ壬ǰ͵һ·ѣҹصȥֻҵģ㡣Ҳȥƽˡû취ܼܲһ㣬򼸸µΣҪ͵Ĵ¡ 

ݷıȥƵģԼûϢȣǷ˲ɣ̫ˣûˣ 

ᣬ˫סˣ飬ƢװͰͣһϲʲ᣿벻ͨ㲻Ǭߵǰϸһ 

ܿڽסƤţĿ࣬ʶ˵ͼʱѾȫɵˡ 

ֻԼһ˴·ֱǹ⣬ϰǽͷתԴſͷ˼ܸȣ׳ʵѹһ˵ɵĻ 

û뵽а취Ҵֵز˵ˣ㻹ΪҸʲȫ㵹ǺܴҲұԸԸ⣿˵ֻ˳ûȥǾͿᰮģ 

ͷһ̽졭֮ǰڻ谵ʲҲ壬ڹԢһƬĺ 

ڵǰùĵطͦ룬ʹýУ֪ǲȻĽ״̬ȴ˴˽һ𡭡 

ٴȫ̳̺ɫߣ̵ķնյдţ 

˵ӯ˿˿İ˲еԻǴƷ𡭡 

һײԼøٺ˼룬ĸ顣 

ʮָϣʹ 

ʧصݺݵĳ鳷˵ļһֻһ㹫У 

˫ֽ۷ݵհ룬û˷Դδ룬µ˶۸ 

ŪҺʹ 

ֻ֪Ҫ㣡ߣ˺ܰԵ˵Ľʹһ¡ַᱻŪˣץˣŹ 

Сҡ˿ࡣʹлúýȻַʽˣҲʹˡ 

ʣ仰ֻû˵ˡ 





֮ǰ˵պİģдһǳܣѰٺ١ýᣬƪ˵ˡ 



28 

˵ļһᣬղ͵Ĵߴٵ㻹ȥʰһؼҰеӼңߺߣͦѳԿ׸ҡҪϿȥԷݵܲˬǡ 

̴ӿڴͳա 

մһץûա 

յ·ڴҿڰѳԿҪأ͵͵ĳ뿪ʳӸ죿 

տ˼˵ؼң˰ѳˣҲ㿪ֻײͥԺשǽûԼҲˣν 

֪ԼǷծһʡǺӼҵףȻиСʣ塭 

յĻ˴룬ƲƲ˵˵ƭ㡣ҸֻǴ֮飬˼룡 

ںһ춷£ٶСʣΪʲƭң 

ʼصˣԸĻش𣺡㲻ңһֱǿһ𡣡һȺf¹̫ࡣ 

Ϊʲ᣿ʣһɵࡣ 

벻ͨ 

ղʧصжⲻȫ״ 

ǲǣտʵƽͣİ﷽ۺ¿ۣͷϵãķԹ 

㵽汿ǸװɵҰ㰮Ҫ㻹Ϊ˸סһҹޥȥ׷ޥΪ˻ȡ裬ȻԹԵҵšû 

üš˼һģ۾ǳȥˣ˭Ͱ 

û룻ȴЦˡ 

ա˫ֱסأˣĥ˵ţϲǰĸо 

ԭҲǱ˵ĴƷûİ׸Ը˯һӣܹû߻ʧߡ 

޿ȡģΪҲҲ᱿ġߣ˵ʲֻ﷽ĵλ 

ҵҵģ 

չ΢ֻ˵˾䣺´ݿȸҺȵʱ򣬼ǵüǡմҧһڣŲ˵ĻҪġ 

ȼӵģ 

Խתѧ⣬һһҲͱ㡭Ҳֱ㡭һҾ͡ʹ˵ġ 

ɫһڡû赹һѡ 

ǣЦˣǳ졣ƻðһ㣬Ż 

֮⣭ 

Ĵ治˵֪ûҵ㣬ҴǱкüȣԱȽҪ˽2600ƺҵ¥Ҫע⣬ʱýҵ㣬ҾͲ㻹ܶȥյһ˫۾Ȼ˸⣬ǳаշӲġ 

ţſҪ˵Ļлػ꣬ܵڶξţǹλʱҪáá 

Ȼأ 

ĹʱǽǮְ˷·ծղŷǱڸûϢ 

һûûˡ 

ӹᣬǱ˸ҡѣޡʹ 

᷽ٽʹˣյݺһײʼʡỹҰѸ˦𣿡 

ҲˡġʹӲˣҲӡ 



뿪Ԣ֮ᣬմȥҹԳ̼ġ 

ȵƲͷȥüͷС棬Ҳ֡˭ģ 





ˡˡˣ塺ϴĽһȺ塣 

һ˶ûȣ 

աпˡƿѹϵˡ 

һ˲סĿڣײܹȡ˶ 

ء˻Źÿȣܲò 

㲻˿ԵȣûͷŹ˿ɲܵȡܿ£Ȼ 

һСʱᣬ˫˫ſڡ 

ûʡȺֻҪͣġšûúúϢ 

ҲûһúúźûϢ 

˭зǷһƨɵġծ壬ҹͣеյߣһ˯ģ 

һȺƵĽţյ˵Ӱˣڲʧߣܺ˯ɡ 

Ǻ˯裬̫ˡҲ̫ɡææ÷ûͻȥ 

Ⱥֻƻ𡣺ߣ 

һţɲ뿴յĳһ˫װȵ˵㲱һǺۣø漤鰡 

ٿ촹µ̷ۣҽհѺۼǰŲǲӡչˡ 

֪֪øǰҲºۼ 

ȣ˯ܹ⣻ʱѣָ˵㻹˲岻׵¡ 

ȥˣϿŵ壬Ƿ𣿡 

аһû˵꣬ǰǰһۼˡ壬Сʱ¡ 

֣صҸø֮ûв岻ס 

ǣңǸղ¡ֲˡ 

סЦ⣬һֱ׳Ľͣ˵𣬷䲻˯Ȼʲ᣿ 

Ʒ˵˰ɡּ˵յķֻȥ˯Ϊн񱣬Ūķ䣬춻죬øط˯֮⣬Īʲᡭ 

ɫѸת죬ԭˣˣ̫ˣ춼ˣ 

ͷȥ޺޵ҧȻ̧ͷ塭ұǸ 

ʲǸƲѡ 

ʵϣΪ£ҳߵ죬һкҩ㲻Ұɣ 

װʵ˰ͷתȥյǰЦûŵÿɴˣȻᾪУ 

ԭҲ 

˴ˡ˴ˡ˵գͷһƵóѵЦ 

ӴˣҲҺȷϡ 

򱻷ЦԵɵԼſڣڿһȺŵϻ۾  
   
     
 
   
  
